| 单词 | State of mind |
| 释义 | 心態／精神狀態 A person’s belief, thought, perception, intention, purpose, or will. In criminal law, a person is generally only guilty of an offence where he or she possessed the relevant state of mind (mens rea) at the time of commission of the impugned act (actus reus). In general, there must be some intention, knowledge or blameworthy state on mind in every offence: Sweet v Parsley [1970] AC 132, [1969] 1 All ER 347 (HL). The nature of the mens rea required for a particular offence depends on the nature of the offence: HKSAR v Lee Man Yee [1999] 4 HKC 251. Mens rea is implied in every statutory offence unless, as a matter of construction of the statute, it is excluded expressly or by clear implication: Gammon (Hong Kong) Ltd v A-G [1985] 2 HKC 661, [1985] 1 AC 1 (PC). When the mental condition of a party is in question, it may be proved either directly by the party himself, or indirectly by other witnesses speaking to the outward expression of the condition by the party at the time: Lloyd v Powell Duffryn Steam Coal Co Ltd [1914] AC 733 (HL). See also Actus reus; Intention; Negligence; Recklessness; Strict liability; Wilful blindness. 一人的信仰、思想、認知、意圖、目的或意志。在刑法上，如一人在犯受指責的行為（犯罪行為）時具有有關的心態（犯罪意圖），則該人一般才屬犯罪。概括而言，任何罪行須有若干意圖、認知或該受責備的心態：Sweet v Parsley [1970] AC 132, [1969] 1 All ER 347 (上議院)。個別罪行所需的犯罪意圖的性質視乎有關罪行的性質HKSAR v Lee Man Yee [1999] 4 HKC 251。除非就法規釋義而言，有明文規定或清晰的含義，否則任何法定罪行均隱含須要證明犯罪意圖：Gammon (Hong Kong) Ltd v A-G [1985] 2 HKC 661, [1985] 1 AC 1（樞密院）。如一方的精神狀態受爭議，則可直接由該方證明，或間接地由其他證人說出在有關時間該方精神狀況的外在表達證明：Lloyd v Powell Duffryn Steam Coal Co Ltd [1914] AC 733 (上議院)。另見 Actus reus; Intention; Negligence; Recklessness; Strict liability; Wilful blindness。 |
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