| 单词 | Voluntariness |
| 释义 | 自願性 1. The quality of an act which is performed as a result of a person’s will to act. It is fundamental that an accused cannot be convicted of a criminal offence unless the act relied upon was voluntary: Bratty v A-G (Northern Ireland) [1963] AC 386, [1961] 3 All ER 523 (HL). An act which arises in a state of automatism is not a voluntary act: R v Mohammad Hussain [1993] 1 HKCLR 1 (CA). A person’s conduct may not be voluntary where he brings about the elements of a crime but, owing to a defect of reason arising from a disease of the mind, does so without any awareness of the act, or without any rational control over his actions. In such a situation the accused is entitled to an acquittal in relation to what would otherwise be a guilty act, and the proper verdict is one of not guilty by reason of insanity: Lam Kwong Choi v The Queen [1959] HKLR 252; R v Sullivan [1984] AC 156, [1983] 2 All ER 673 (HL). 2. In respect of confessional material, the quality of a statement which is made in the exercise of the free choice to speak or be silent. A confessional statement is not admissible unless it was made voluntarily: DPP v Ping Lin [1976] AC 574, [1975] 3 All ER 175 (HL). The burden to prove the voluntariness of a confession or admission is on the prosecution: R v Lo Sun-wa [1980] HKLR 253 (CA). Where the voluntariness of a statement is an issue before the jury, it is not always incumbent on a judge to give a direction that the jury should consider the question of voluntariness in deciding whether the statement is true: R v Chan Ying Choi (CACC 469/92, unreported). See also Automatism; Confession; Interrogation; Involuntariness; Involuntary act; Involuntary confession. 1.當某人依其意願而行事，該行為的性質。被告人基本上不可被裁定犯有刑事罪行，除非所依憑的行為是出於自願：Bratty v A-G (Northern Ireland) [1963] AC 386, [1961] 3 All ER 523（上議院）。在自動症的狀況下產生的行為並非自願的行為：R v Mohammad Hussain [1993] 1 HKCLR 1（上訴法庭）。如某人導致有某罪行的元素，但因為精神不健全而使其正常思考出現缺陷，而在以下情況之下犯有該罪行：沒有知悉該行為、或對該行為沒有任何理性控制，則其行為可能並非出於自願。在此等情況下，就其他情形下屬犯罪的行為，該被告人有權獲裁定無罪，而適當的裁決是：以精神錯亂為理由裁定無罪：R v Lam Kwong Choi [1959] HKLR 252; R v Sullivan [1984] AC 156, [1983] 2 All ER 673（上議院）。2.就供認的資料而言，在行使自由選擇權時，選擇說話或保持緘默而作出的陳述的性質。除非供認的陳述是出於自願，否則該陳述不可獲接納： DPP v Ping Lin [1976] AC 574, [1975] 3 All ER 175（上議院）。控方須負責證明供狀或認罪的自願性：R v Lo Sun-wa [1980] HKLR 253（上訴法庭）。當某陳述的自願性是在陪審團席前的爭論點，法官並非總是負有責任指引陪審團，在決定該陳述是否屬實時，應考慮自願性的問題：R v Chan Ying Choi（刑事上訴1992年第469號，未經彙報）。另見 Automatism; Confession; Interrogation; Involuntariness; Involuntary act; Involuntary confession。n. |
| 随便看 |
|
法律词典收录了8080条英汉双解法律词条，基本涵盖了常用法律英语单词及短语词组的翻译及用法，是法律学习的有利工具。