| 单词 | Intention to defraud |
| 释义 | 詐騙的意圖 An intention to practise a fraud on someone, it is sufficient if anyone may be prejudiced by the fraud. If there is an intention to deprive another person of a right or to cause him to act in any way to his detriment or prejudice or contrary to what would otherwise be his duty, an intent to defraud is established, even there is no intention to cause pecuniary or economic loss: Welham v DPP [1961] AC 103 (HL); R v Wong Kwok Sun [1988] HKLY 218, R v Chai Shang Yi [1989] HKLY 179. In the case of conspiracy to defraud, where the detriment to the victim is a contemplated outcome of the conspiracy, that is sufficient to constitute an intent to defraud: HKSAR v Lee Wai Ki [2001] 2 HKLRD 610. In criminal law, a person shall be treated as having an intent to defraud, if, at the time when he practises the deceit, he intends that he will by the deceit (whether or not the deceit is the sole or main inducement) induce another person to commit an act or make an omission, which will result in benefits to any person other than the victim; and/or in prejudice or a substantial risk of prejudice to any person other than the accused: Theft Ordinance (Cap 210) s 16A. For the offences of false certification and personation, if an intent to defraud is one of the constituent elements, it is not necessary to prove an intent to defraud a particular person, but it shall be sufficient to prove that the accused did the act with intent to defraud: Crimes Ordinance (Cap 200) s 92. Also known as ‘Intent to defraud’. See also Intention. 向某人進行詐騙的意圖，只要任何人可被該項欺詐行為傷害，已足以構成此等意圖。如有意圖剝奪另一人的權利，或使另一人以對其本身有害或不利或違反其責任的任何方式行事，則即使沒有意圖造成金錢或經濟損失，亦確立了「詐騙的意圖」：Welham v DPP [1961] AC 103（上議院）；R v Wong Kwok Sun [1988] HKLY 218；R v Chai Shang Yi [1989] HKLY 179。就串謀詐騙個案而言，凡對受害人造成的損害是該項串謀的預期後果，則足以構成「詐騙的意圖」：HKSAR v Lee Wai Ki [2001] 2 HKLRD 610。刑事法中，如某人在進行詐騙時，藉作任何欺騙（不論所作欺騙是否唯一或主要誘因）而誘使另一人作出任何作為或有任何不作為，而導致受害人以外的任何人獲得利益；及／或導致該被控人以外的任何人蒙受不利或有相當程度的可能性會蒙受不利，即被視為有「詐騙的意圖」：《盜竊罪條例》（第210章）第16A條。就作出虛假證明及冒充他人的罪行而言，凡欺詐意圖是構成該罪行的一項因素，則無須證明有欺詐某人的意圖，而只須證明被控人曾作出被控的作為而意圖欺詐，即已足夠：《刑事罪行條例》（第200章）第92條。另見 Intention。 |
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