| 单词 | Public trust doctrine |
| 释义 | 公眾信託原則 A principle of natural law that natural resources such as the air, rivers, seashore, and coastal waters are for the common benefit of the public. In the United States, public trusts are an accepted legal construction and have been upheld in the United States Supreme Court and various Supreme Courts of the States on the basis of Roman law and the English common law distinction drawn by Bracton between private property (jus privatum) and public trust property (jus publicum) giving public property rights of access: Illinois Central Railroad Co v Illinois 146 US 387 (1892); Just v Marinette County 56 WIS 2d 7, 201 NW 2d 761 (1972). Under Roman law, it was held that ‘by the law of nature these things are common to mankind: the air, running water, the sea and consequently the shores of the sea’: The Institutes of Justinian 2.1.1. See also Law of nature; Private property; Public property. 自然法的原則: 天然資源例如空氣, 河流, 海岸, 及沿海水域為公眾的共同利益。在美國, 基於由公元13世紀英格蘭法官布拉克對羅馬法和英國普通法就私人財產 （私權）和給予對公共財產通行權的公眾信託財產 （公權）的區別, 公共信託是被接納的法律推定, 及在美國高等法院和在不同洲的高等法院予以支持,: Illinois Central Railroad Co v Illinois 146 US 387 (1892); Just v Marinette County 56 WIS 2d 7, 201 NW 2d 761 (1972) 。在羅馬法下, 裁定（按照自然法, 物件對人類有共同性: 空氣, 流水, 海及因而海岸）: 查斯丁尼安的法學階梯(The Institutes of Justinian) 第2.1.1段。 另見 Law of nature; Private property; Public property。 |
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