| 单词 | Mandamus |
| 释义 | 履行責任令 Lat – we command. In administrative law, an order issued by the courts of common law to compel inferior courts and tribunals, or public officers and bodies, to exercise a power in accordance with his or her public duty: R v Metropolitan Police Cmr, ex p Blackburn (No 3) [1973] QB 241, 1 All ER 324 (CA). An application for an order of mandamus shall be made by way of an application for judicial review: The Rules of the High Court (Cap 4A) O 53 r 1(2). Mandamus is a discretionary relief and the court has unlimited jurisdiction to exercise such discretion in any way appropriate to do justice: Chief Constable of the North Wales Police v Evans [1982] 3 All ER 141, 1 WLR 1155 (HL). Where a public right exists and a wrong has been established, it will be rare for a court to deny relief. However, this is not an absolute right. There might be cases where, notwithstanding the infringement of a public right, the good of the society and the greater public interest might override the individual interest: IRC v National Federation of Self-Employed and Small Business Ltd [1982] AC 617, [1981] 2 All ER 93 (HL); Hunsworth v Registrar of the Supreme Court & Anor [1996] 2 HKLR 446. It is a common practice to apply for a certiorari and a mandamus together, ie to quash a decision of a body and to require that body to go through the decision making process again: R v Panel on Take-overs and Mergers, ex p Datafin plc [1987] QB 815, 1 All ER 564 (CA). Disobedience to an order of mandamus is a contempt of court: Re M [1994] AC 377, sub nom M v Home Office [1993] 3 All ER 537 (HL). Also known as ‘Mandatory order’. See also Certiorari; Prerogative remedy; Prohibition. 拉丁語 ─ 我們命令。在行政法上，由普通法法庭發出的命令，以強令下級法庭及審裁處，或公職人員及團體根據其公共責任行使其權力：R v Metropolitan Police Cmr, ex p Blackburn (No 3) [1973] QB 241, 1 All ER 324 （英國上訴法院）。要求作出強制令的申請，可以申請司法覆核的方式提出：高等法院規則(第4A章)第53號命令第1條規則(2)。履行責任令屬酌情性濟助，而法庭具有無限的司法管轄權以適當於秉行公正行的方式使此等酌情權：Chief Constable of the North Wales Police v Evans [1982] 3 All ER 141, 1 WLR 1155 （上議院）。當公共權利已存在，而已造成錯誤行為，法庭如欲否定濟助，則屬罕見。但是，此不是絕對的權利。也許會有可能即使在侵犯公共權利的情況下，社會的利益及較大的公眾利益可凌駕個人利益：IRC v National Federation of Self-Employed and Small Business Ltd [1982] AC 617, [1981] 2 All ER 93 （上議院）；Hunsworth v Registrar of the Supreme Court & Anor [1996] 2 HKLR 446。同時申請移審令及履行責任令屬普通的慣例，即是撤銷某機構的決定，再要求該機構重新進行作出決定的過程：R v Panel on Take-overs and Mergers, ex p Datafin plc [1987] QB 815, 1 All ER 564 （英國上訴法院）。不遵守履行責任令屬藐視法庭的行為：Re M [1994] AC 377, sub nom M v Home Office [1993] 3 All ER 537 （上議院）。另稱「強制性命令」。另見 Certiorari; Prerogative remedy; Prohibition.n. |
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