| 单词 | Mental instability |
| 释义 | 精神不穩 1.In contract law, a state of arrested or incomplete development of the mind; a psychopathic disorder or any other disorder or disability of the mind. Mental instability may support a plea of non est factum where the person did not understand the nature of what he or she was signing: Saunders (Executrix of the Will of Gallie) v Anglia Building Society [1971] AC 1004, [1970] 3 All ER 961 (HL). Alternatively, a contract may be voidable by reason of mental incapacity where the person was suffering from such a degree of mental instability that he or she was incapable of understanding it and the other party was aware or ought to have been aware of this: Hart v O’Connor [1985] AC 1000, 2 All ER 880 (PC). The burden of proving incapacity on the basis of mental instability rests on the party seeking to rely on the defence. 2. In sentencing, life sentence for offences other than homicide should not be imposed unless there is evidence of a marked degree of mental instability: R v Cheung Hing Biu (1984) HKLR 87; R v Lee shun Chung & Ors [1987] 1 HKC 128 (CA). See also Capacity; Mentally disordered person. 1. 就合約法而言，指心智發育停頓或不完全的狀態；有精神病理障礙或任何精神上的失常或無能力。如某人並不明白他或她所簽署之文件其性質，精神不穩或可支持非其所為（non est factum）的抗辯：Saunders (Executrix of the Will of Gallie) v Anglia Building Society [1971] AC 1004, [1970] 3 All ER 961 （上議院）。要不，合約可因無精神行為能力而使無效，假如該人患有精神不穩而其程度達致他或她無能力明白該合約，合約另一方並且是知道或應該知道這個情形的：Hart v O’Connor [1985] AC 1000, 2 All ER 880 （樞密院）。就因精神不穩而無能力的舉證責任落在依賴該抗辯的一方身上。 2. 就判刑而言，除因犯殺人罪行而判處終身監禁者外，終身監禁不應施加於其他罪行上，除非犯罪者有明顯程度的精神不穩：R v Cheung Hing Biu (1984) HKLR 87; R v Lee shun Chung & Ors [1987] 1 HKC 128 （上訴法院）。另見 Capacity; Mentally disordered person。 |
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