| 单词 | Original bill of lading |
| 释义 | 正本提單 A bill of lading which bears the signature of the master of a ship or the authorised agent. A set of bill of lading consists of three original bills of lading: Scott v Barclays Bank [1923] 2 KB 1. Under current practice, one of these is marked ‘ORIGINAL’ and the remaining two are marked ‘DUPLICATE’. There is only one set of original bills at all times. Replacement may be issued upon conditions, such as return of the existing full set of original bills or under an indemnity of the requesting party. The presentation of any one of the three bills of the same set for the delivery of goods will render the remaining two bills void. An original bill of lading is a document of title: Sewell v Burdick (HL) (1884) 10 App Cas 74. The lawful holder of an original bill of lading can take or demand delivery from the carrier of any of the goods to which the document relates, or make a claim under the contract of carriage against the carrier in respect of any of those goods. The bill of lading must be capable of transfer for the purpose of the Bills of Lading and Analogous Shipping Documents Ordinance (Cap 440) ss 3, 5. Unless it is a straight bill, a shipowner is not bound to deliver the goods except in exchange for the original bill of lading: Carlberg v Wemyss (1915) SC 616. Otherwise, it will be a breach of contract, even if delivery is made to the person entitled to possession: The Houda [1994] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 541. Delivery of goods without production of the original bill of lading is generally an exclusion to cargo liabilities under P & I Club’s insurance. See also Bill of lading; Dirty bill of lading; Order bill of lading. 附有船長或獲受權代理人簽名的提單。一套提單包含3張正本提單：Scott v Barclays Bank [1923] 2 KB 1。根據現行慣例，其中１張標明為「正本」，而其餘兩張則標明為「複本」。任何時候均只有一套正本提單。正本提單可按條件補發，例如歸還現有的全套正本提單或由請求方作出彌償保證。就交付貨物而出示同一套提單中的任何1張提單，會導致其餘兩張提單無效。正本提單為業權文件：Sewell v Burdick (1884) 10 App Cas 74(上議院)。正本提單的合法持有人可，就有關提單的任何貨物作出收貨或要求承運人作出交付，或根據運輸合約針對承運人就任何有關的貨物提出申索。為施行《提單及相類裝運單據條例》（第440章）第3及5條，提單必須為可轉讓者。除非是記名提單，否則船主無需在換取提單以外的情形下交付貨物：Carlberg v Wemyss (1915) SC 616。在其他情況下，就算交付是向享有管有權的人作出，仍屬違約：The Houda [1994] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 541。在沒有出示提單的情形下交付貨物，一般會免除船東責任互保協會的貨物險責任。另見 Bill of lading; Dirty bill of lading; Order bill of lading。 |
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