| 单词 | Passing off |
| 释义 | 假冒 An action to prevent financial loss arising from the defendant’s representation that his or her own goods or services are those of the plaintiff. The defendant represents that the sale of his goods as having been authorised by the plaintiff when that is not the case: Pendleton and Lee Intellectual Property: A Guide to the Law in Hong Kong (Butterworths, 2001) p 18. There will be passing off where the quality of the goods is different: Wilkinson Sword Ltd v Cripps & Lee Ltd [1982] FSR 16. The plaintiff must establish that (1) the plaintiff’s reputation or good will via a badge of consumer recognition; (2) a misrepresentation by the defendant involving this badge of recognition; and (3) damage, or likelihood of damage, to the plaintiff’s goodwill caused by the misrepresentation: Pendleton and Lee Intellectual Property: A Guide to the Law in Hong Kong (Butterworths, 2001) p 1. The action protects the good will or reputation of the business of the first trader rather than the name, mark, or get-up improperly used by the second trader: Kemtron Properties Pty Ltd v Jimmy’s Co Ltd [1978] HKLR 455. Extended passing off is a passing off where the plaintiff seeks to protect an image or name of an invented fictional character which is unconnected with any business other than the work in which the character appears: Hogan v Koala Dundee Pty Ltd (1988) 83 ALR 403, 12 IPR 508. The plaintiff may claim injunction and/or damages or an account of profits: Edelsten v Edelsten (1863) 1 De GJ & Sm 185, 46 ER 72 (LC). Damages may reflect the nature of the damage to property in terms of loss of profits, dilution in value of reputation (Flamingo Park Pty Ltd v Dolly Dolly Creations Pty Ltd (1986) 65 ALR 500, 6 IPR 431) or opportunity to charge a licence fee (Shoshana Pty Ltd v 10th Cantanae Pty Ltd (1987) 79 ALR 279, 11 IPR 249). See also Common field of activity; Goodwill; Misrepresentation. 一項訴訟，它防止被告人因表示他或她的貨品、服務為原告人的，而引起在財務上的損失。被告人表示他售賣的貨品得到原告人的授權，但事實並非如此：Pendleton and Lee Intellectual Property: A Guide to the Law in Hong Kong （Butterworths, 2001） p 18。就算貨品的質量不同仍可構成假冒：Wilkinson Sword Ltd v Cripps & Lee Ltd [1982] FSR 16. 原告人必須證明（1）原告人的聲譽或商譽通過一個記號為消費者所認識；（2）被告人涉及對這個記號作出不當陳述；及（3）對原告人的商譽產生損害，或會相當可能產生損害：Pendleton and Lee Intellectual Property: A Guide to the Law in Hong Kong (Butterworths, 2001) p 1。此訴訟保護第一商人的商譽或聲譽，而非第二商人不適當使用的名字、商標或包裝：Kempton Properties Ltd v Jimmy’s Co Ltd [1978] HKLR 455。延展假冒是原告人對一個虛構故事人物的形象或名字尋求保護的假冒訴訟，而該人物僅存在於他所出現的作品中，並與任何業務無關：Hogan v Dundee Pty Ltd (1988) IPC 90。原告人可提出禁制令及/或損害賠償或交出所得利潤的申索：Edelsten v Edelsten (1863) 1 De GJ & S 185, 46 ER 72。損害賠償可反映利潤損失，聲譽價值的耗減 (Flamingo Park Pty Ltd v Dolly Dolly Creations Pty Ltd (1986) 65 ALR 500, 6 IPR 431) 或收取特許費的機會 (Shoshana Pty Ltd v 10th Cantanae Pty Ltd (1987) 79 ALR 279, 11 IPR 249) 等性質的財產損害。另見Common field of activity; Goodwill; Misrepresentation。 |
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