| 单词 | Stowage |
| 释义 | 積載 The storage, package, and arrangement of cargo in a ship, by reference to, for example, the types, characteristics and properties of the cargo, in such a manner as to ensure the safety of the ship and crew on board, and protect the cargo from damage and deterioration. Good stowage can maximise the use of cargo space and facilitate the loading and discharge of cargo destined for different ports. Improper stowage may render a ship unseaworthy: Firemen’s Fund Insurance Co Ltd v Western Australian Insurance Co Ltd and Atlantic Insurance Co Ltd (1927) 28 Ll L Rep 243. The shipowner or the master of a ship carrying packaged goods must stow the goods in accordance with the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Dangerous Goods and Marine Pollutants) Regulation (Cap 413H) s 13(1)) and cause a stowage plan to be carried in the ship (s 10(1)). A shipowner is responsible for the seaworthiness of the ship, and therefore has a duty to properly and carefully stow cargo: Svenssons v Cliffe Steamship Co [1932] 1 KB 490; Hague-Visby Rules art III. In determining whether a shipowner is in breach of the duty, all of the circumstances should be taken into consideration, including the nature of the particular cargo and the conditions of the weather and sea likely to be encountered on the voyage: Shipping Corp of India Ltd v Gamlen Chemical Co (A’asia) Pty Ltd (1980) 147 CLR 142. However, such liability may be alleviated by contract terms: Clause 2 (Owners’ Responsibilities Clause) of the GENCON. See also Cargo; Contract of carriage; Shipowner; Voyage charterparty. 船舶上的貨物貯藏、包裝及安排，參照例如貨物的種類、特徵及財產，以適當的方式確保有關船舶及其上的船員的安全，並保護有關的貨物免受損害及惡化。妥善的積載可充分使用貨物空間及方便以不同港口為終點站的貨物裝卸。不適當的積載可令致某船舶不適航：Firemen’s Fund Insurance Co v Western Australian Insurance Co Ltd and Atlantic Insurance Co Ltd (1927) 28 Ll L Rep 243。運輸經包裝貨物的船舶的船東或船長必須按照《國際海運危險貨物守則》（《商船(安全)(危險貨物及海洋污染物)規例》（第413H章）第13(1)條規例）積載，並安排在船上攜備特別積載圖(第10(1)條)。船東負責有關船舶的適航性，並因而有責任適當而謹慎地積載貨物：Svenssons v Cliffe SS Co [1932] 1 KB 490；《海牙-維斯比規則》第III條。在裁定船東是否違反責任時，必須考慮所有的有關情況，包括個別貨物的性質、在航程中相當可能遇到的天氣及海上情況：Shipping Corp of India Ltd v Gamlen Chemical Co (A’asia) Pty Ltd (1980) 147 CLR 142。但可憑藉合約的條款減輕此等法律責任：GENCON第2條(船東責任條款)。另見 Cargo; Contract of carriage; Shipowner; Voyage charterparty。 n. |
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