| 单词 | Challenge to juror |
| 释义 | 對陪審員甄選程序的質疑 An objection taken to individuals returned to be jurors in criminal or civil proceedings. Challenges may be one of two kinds: a challenge to the array (that is, to the whole panel of jurors) or a challenge to the polls (to individual jurors). At common law, both the prosecution and the accused person may challenge either the array or any juror for cause: 2 Hale PC 271. Parties may also challenge individual jurors, either for cause or peremptorily. The accused person is entitled to make five peremptory challenges: Jury Ordinance (Cap 3) s 29. A challenge for cause is determined by the trial judge. In limited and exceptional circumstances, jurors might be examined by either the judge or counsel before a challenge is made to ascertain whether they could try case for which they were selected in a fair manner: Grant v DPP [1982] AC 190, [1981] 3 WLR 352. The judge has a residual discretion to exclude a juror in the absence of challenge from the parties where the juror is obviously incompetent to act: R v Ford [1989] 1 QB 868, 3 All ER 445. See also Challenge to the array; Challenge to the polls; Peremptory challenge. 在刑事或民事法律程序中對某個別人士當選陪審員作出的反對。質疑可分為兩種：質疑陪審員名單（即整個陪審團）或質疑某些陪審員（即個別陪審員）。在普通法上，控方及被告人均可提出因由質疑陪審員名單或某些陪審員：2 Hale PC 271。各方當事人亦可提出因由或無須提出因由質疑個別陪審員。被告人可無須提出因由質疑不超過5名人士出任陪審員：《陪審團條例》（第3章）第29條。是否接受提出因由的質疑，則由主審法官決定。在有限及例外情況下，在提出質疑前，法官或大律師可能先訊問陪審員，以確定陪審員是否能夠依據他們獲選的原因而公平審案：Grant v DPP [1982] AC 190, [1981] 3 WLR 352。凡陪審員明顯無能力行事，則法官擁有剩餘酌情權，在各方當事人沒有作出質疑的情況下，免除該陪審員：R v Ford [1989] 1 QB 868, 3 All ER 445。另見 Challenge to the array; Challenge to the polls; Peremptory challenge。 |
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