| 单词 | Separate liability |
| 释义 | 分開承擔的法律責任 The liability of tortfeasors where they cause different damage to the plaintiff. It is distinguished from concurrent liability where the tortfeasors cause the same damage. In separate liability, each of several persons commits an independent tort consecutively against the same person, each is liable for the damage caused by his tortious act and not the whole damage caused to the plaintiff, assuming the damage proximately caused by each tort to be distinct: Dingle v Associated Newspapers Ltd [1961] 2 QB 162. Thus, if the second tortfeasor’s act caused no further damage or merely duplicated damage caused by the first tort, the second tortfeasor will not be liable: Carslogie SS Co v Royal Norwegian Government [1952] AC 292, 1 All ER 20 (HL). However, if his act aggravated merely the damage caused by the first tort, each tortfeasor will be liable only in respect of that part of the damage which his tort caused, assuming that it is possible to separate and quantify the aggravation of damage: Dingle v Associated Newspapers Ltd, supra. Satisfaction of the claim against one tortfeasor does not discharge the actions against the others. See also Concurrent liability. 不同的侵權人導致原告不同的損害，並要承擔的法律責任。如侵權人導致相同的損害，分開承擔的法律責任與侵權人導致相同損害的同時承擔的法律責任不同。在分開承擔的法律責任，每一位各別的人對同一相同的人連續地犯獨立的侵權罪，鑒於假定由每人最近導致的損害不同，因此每人只會就其侵權行為導致的損害有法律責任，而非導致原告蒙受的全部損害：Dingle v Associated Newspapers Ltd [1961] 2 QB 162。因此，如第二位侵權人的行為沒有導致進一步的損害或僅重複由第一次侵權行為導致的損害，則第二位侵權人不會有法律責任：Carslogie SS Co Ltd v Royal Norwegian Government [1952] AC 292, 1 All ER 20 (上議院)。但如他的行為僅加重由第一次侵權行為導致的損害，鑒於假定可分開及測量損害的惡化程度，則每一侵權人只會就該部分由他的侵權行為導致的損害有法律責任：Dingle v Associated Newspapers Ltd, 見上文。了結針對一侵權人的申索並不等於了結針對其他侵權人的訴訟。另見Concurrent liability。 |
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