| 单词 | Necessaries |
| 释义 | 必需品 Those things which cannot be dispensed with. Contract - In relation to sales to minors or other incompetent persons, goods suitable to his condition in life and to his actual requirements at the time of the sale and delivery: Sale of Goods Ordinance (Cap 26) s 4(2). The concept of ‘necessaries’ includes necessary food, drink, clothing, medicine, and education. The concept is a relative one, varying according to the station in life of the particular subject, and is not limited to the bare essentials of life: Peters v Fleming (1840) 6 M & W 42, 151 ER 314. Luxurious articles of utility may come under the definition of ‘necessaries’ in the special circumstances of a particular case: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 23, Sale of Goods [355.032]. Infants, minors and persons under disability are generally regarded as incapable of entering into a legally binding contract, except where necessaries are sold and delivered to them in which case they must pay a reasonable price therefore: Sale of Goods Ordinance (Cap 26) s 4(1). See also Age of majority. Maritime law - Things that are fit and proper for the service in which a ship is engaged and will be ordered by the shipowner, as a prudent man, if he is present at the time: Webster v Sekamp (1828) 4 B & Ald 352. It includes all things necessary for the service of the ship: The ‘Perla’ (1858) Swa 353. It is well settled that monies advanced for the procuring of necessaries stand on the same footing as necessaries supplied: Borneo Company v ‘Mogileff’ & Freight [1921] 6 Ll L Rep 528. A claim for necessaries, which does not fall within any of the categories of the High Court Ordinance (Cap 4) s 12A(2), may be made under the admiralty jurisdiction of the court under the High Court Ordinance (Cap 4) s 12A (1)(c). The claim for necessaries does not give rise to a maritime lien: The ‘Heinrich Bjorn’ (1885) LR 10 PD 44. See also Hypothecation. 不能免除的東西。 合約 - 就幼年人或未成年人或其他智力不健全者的售賣貨品而言，指適合其生活狀況，且在售賣和交付時是適合其實際需要的貨品：《貨品售賣條例》（第26章）第4(2)條。「必需品」的概念包括所需食物、飲品、衣物、藥物及教育。此概念屬比較性的概念，須根據某特定事項的生活定位而決定，而不受生活中的最低限度的必需品所限制：Peters v Fleming (1840) 6 M & W 42, 151 ER 314。在特定案件的特別情況中，奢侈的有用物品亦包含在 「必需品」的涵義之內：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, 第23冊，貨品售賣，第[355.032]段。幼年人或未成年人，或因心智上無行為能力的人一般被視為無訂立合約能力的人，如獲售賣和交付必需品，須就該等必需品繳付合理的貨價：《貨品售賣條例》（第26章）第4(1)條。另見 Age of majority。 海事法 - 指某船隻所從事的服務中所須的合適和恰當的東西，如船主在場，即由船主以審慎的人的身分作出命令：Webster v Sekamp (1828) 4 B & Ald 352。它包括船隻服務所需的所有東西：The ‘Perla’ (1858) Swa 353。它已完整地穩定下來，為取得必需品所預付的款項與所提供的必需品基於相同的基礎上：Borneo Company v ‘Mogileff’ & Freight [1921] 6 Ll L Rep 528。對必需品的申索如不符合《高等法院條例》(第4章)第12A(2)條所列明的類別之內，則根據(第4章)第12A(1)(c)條的海事司法管轄權作出。對必需品的申索不會引起海上留置權：The ‘Heinrich Bjorn’ (1885) LR 10 PD 44。另見 Hypothecation。n. |
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