| 单词 | Constructive fraud |
| 释义 | 推定的欺詐 Breach of the sort of obligation which is enforced by a court that from the beginning regarded itself as a court of conscience: Nocton v Lord Ashburton [1914-15] All ER Rep 45, [1914] AC 932. In equity the term ‘fraud’ embraces not only actual fraud but certain other conduct which falls below the standards demanded by equity, and is known as constructive fraud, one of the examples of which is a transaction which has been procured by undue influence, or where one party is in breach of a fiduciary duty to another: O’Sullivan v Management Agency and Music Ltd [1985] 3 All ER 351, QB 428 (CA). An actual intention to deceive need not be proved and this distinguishes constructive fraud from actual fraud. See also Actual fraud; Conscience; Equitable fraud; Fraud. 對由自視為就良知作裁決的法院執行的責任的違反：Nocton v Lord Ashburton [1914-15] All ER Rep 45, [1914] AC 932。在衡平法中，「欺詐」一詞同時包含實際欺詐和推定的欺詐，即某些低於衡平法所要求的標準的行為，例如由不當影響促致的交易，或一方違反其對另一方的受信責任：O’Sullivan v Management Agency and Music Ltd [1985] 3 All ER 351, QB 428（英國上訴法院）。推定的欺詐與實際欺詐的分別在於前者無須證明實際欺詐的意圖。另見 Actual fraud; Conscience; Equitable fraud; Fraud。 |
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