| 单词 | Construction |
| 释义 | 建築物、建設、文件的解釋、法律釋義 1. The erection of a building or a structure. 2. A building or structure. 3. The interpretation of a document (ie statute, contract, etc). 4. The meaning given to expressions in a document. See also Building; Construction work, Document. Building and construction - The act of putting together components to form a whole, whether the subject be goods or a fixture on land: Crawford v Mayne Nickless Ltd (t/a MSS Alarm Service) (1992) 59 SASR 490. See also Building law; Construction work, Contractor; Fixture; Proprietor. Conflicts of laws - The process of interpretation the language of a treaty, convention, or contract to determine the true intent of the drafters or the contracting parties. In conflicts of laws, the proper law of the contract provides the framework for ascertaining the true meaning of a contract’s words and phrases. Where the terms are partly or wholly expressed as foreign legal terms or in a language other than English, their real meaning must be gleaned from the legal system from which they are drawn, irrespective of the proper law: Forsikrings A/S Vesta v Butler [1988] 2 All ER 43, [1989] 1 AC 852. Contract - A process of finding out the common intention of contracting parties at the time of contract. It is a question of law. In commercial contracts, the construction must be made to yield to business common sense if the result of detailed semantic and syntactical analysis of words are contrary to business common sense: Antaios Compania Naviera SA v Salen Rederierna AB [1984] 3 All ER 229, [1985] AC 191. Extrinsic evidence is not generally admissible to vary the terms and displace ordinary English words used: Bank of Australasia v Palmer [1897] AC 540. See also Actual intention; Extrinsic evidence; Factual matrix; Implied intention; Legal matrix; Term. Equity - The way to give effect to the true meaning and real intention of an instrument. The court has jurisdiction to correct mistakes, if any, so as to give effect to the true meaning and real intention of an instrument, however, such jurisdiction has to be exercised with caution and upon compelling evidence: David Johnston Keswick v Jardine Matheson & Co Ltd [1959] HKLR 29. Succession - Every will shall be construed to speak and take effect as if it had been executed immediately before the death of the testator, unless a contrary intention appears from the will. Reference should also be made to the property comprised in the will: Wills Ordinance (Cap 30) s 19; Chan How Chuen Stephen v Chan Hau Cheong & Ors [1997] 3 HKC 138. If a court is satisfied that a will is so expressed that it fails to carry out the testator’s intentions, in consequence of a clerical error or of a failure to understand his instructions, it may order that the will shall be rectified so as to carry out his intentions. In such event, extrinsic evidence, including evidence of the testator’s intention, may be admitted to assist in its interpretation: ss 23A, 23B. The construction of a will shall not be altered by reason of any change in the testator’s domicile after the execution of the will: s 27. See also Legislative intent; Statutory interpretation. 1. 建築物或構築物的建造。 2. 建築物或構築物。 3. 文件的解釋（如法規、合約等）。 4. 就文件的詞句給予涵義。另見 Building; Construction work, Document。 建築物或構築物的建造 - 把部件完整地裝配的行動，不論對像是貨品或是土地上的固定附著物：Crawford v Mayne Nickless Ltd (t/a MSS Alarm Service) (1992) 59 SASR 490。另見 Building law; Construction work，Contractor; Fixture; Proprietor。 法律衝突 - 解釋條約、公約，或合約文字的過程，以厘定起草人、立約各方的真正用意。遇上法律衝突時，合約所受的法律管限，會就確定合約文字及字句的真正涵義，提供框架。當全部或部分的詞句以外地法律用詞表達或以非英文的語文表達時，該些詞句的真正涵義，必須不考慮法律管限，而是耐心地從該些詞句來自的法制中搜集：Forsikrings A/S Vesta v Butler [1988] 2 All ER 43, [1989] 1 AC 852。 合約 - 查明立約各方在訂定合約時的共同意向之程序。這是一個法律問題。涉及商業合約時，如果經過詳細語義及句法分析所得的結果，是與商業實際需求相反，文件的解釋必須聽憑商業實際需求：Antaios Compania Naviera SA v Salen Rederierna AB [1984] 3 All ER 229, [1985] AC 191。用以改變條款及取代日常使用的英語之一般外在證據不會被接納：Bank of Australasia v Palmer [1897] AC 540。另見 Actual intention; Extrinsic evidence; Factual matrix; Implied intention; Legal matrix; Term。 衡平法 - 使文書的真正涵義及實在意向得以實施的方式。有錯誤的時候，法院有糾正錯誤的管轄權，使真正涵義及實在意向得以實施，但這種管轄權必須在有令人信服的證據之情形下小心行使：David Johnston Keswick v Jardine Matheson & Co Ltd [1959] HKLR 29。 繼承法 - 除非遺囑顯示相反的意願，每份遺囑必須解釋為在猶如該遺囑是在緊接立遺囑人去世前簽立的情況下表達其意思和生效。遺囑所涵蓋的遺產也應該在被參考之列：《遺囑條例》（第30章）第19條；Chan How Chuen Stephen v Chan Hau Cheong & Ors [1997] 3 HKC 138。如法院認為，因文書上的錯誤所表達的遺囑，或因未能理解立遺囑人的指示的情形下所表達的遺囑，將不能完成立遺囑人的意願，法院可命令更正遺囑，使遺囑人的意願能得以完成。在這種情況下，外在證據，包括立遺囑人意願的證據可獲接納，以助解釋有關遺囑：第23A及23B條。就遺囑的詞句給予涵義必須不能因立遺囑人的居籍更改而改變：第27條。另見 Legislative intent; Statutory interpretation。n. |
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