| 单词 | Directing mind and will |
| 释义 | 管理人員的意見和意願 The persons embodying the mind and will of a company, comprising the board of directors, the managing directors, other superior officers, and those delegated with such a high degree of responsibility for the management of the company that they can be said to be acting as the company rather than for the company: Tesco Supermarkets Ltd v Nattrass [1971] 2 All ER 127, [1972] AC 153; Aktieselskabet Dansk Skibsfinansiering v. Wheelock Marden & Co Ltd & Ors [1998] 3 HKC 153 (CA); Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 6, Companies and Corporations [95.0187], [95.0188]. At common law, in order to fix primary liability on a company, it is necessary to consider the mental state of the person or persons who constituted its directing mind and will: Lennard’s Carrying Co Ltd v Asiatic Petroleum Co Ltd [1915] AC 705, [1914-15] All ER Rep 280. The knowledge of a limited company must be that of the responsible officer. A mere servant of the company cannot be said to represent the mind and will of the employer: John Henshall (Quarries) Ltd v Harvey [1965] 1 All ER 725, 2 QB 233. See also Corporate offence; Directors’ duties; Managing director. 表達公司意見和意願的人員，包括董事會、常務董事／執行董事、其他高級人員和獲轉授有關公司重大管理責任的人（可稱他們以公司身份行事、而非代其行事）：Tesco Supermarkets Ltd v Nattrass [1971] 2 All ER 127, [1972] AC 153；Aktieselskabet Dansk Skibsfinansiering v. Wheelock Marden & Co Ltd & Ors [1998] 3 HKC 153 （上訴法庭）；Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, 第 6冊，公司與法團，第[95.0187]段及第[95.0188]段。在普通法上，為確定公司的基要法律責任，須顧及構成主管人員的意見和意願的人的心態Lennard’s Carrying Co Ltd v Asiatic Petroleum Co Ltd [1915] AC 705, [1914-15] All ER Rep 280。有限公司的所知須是有關公司的負責人員。不可稱公司的一般受僱人員可代表其僱主的意見和意願：John Henshall (Quarries) Ltd v Harvey [1965] 1 All ER 725, 2 QB 233。另見 Corporate offence; Directors’ duties; Managing director。 |
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