| 单词 | Search and seizure |
| 释义 | 搜查及檢取 The power of law enforcement officers to search premises and people, and seize property. Generally, law enforcement officers have no power to search and seize property without the consent of the person involved. However, at common law, an arrested person may be searched and items and documents in his possession which may constitute evidence against him or another may be seized: Elias v Pasmore [1934] 2 KB 164. Further, where any person is apprehended by a police officer, the officer may search for and take possession of any newspaper, book or other document or any portion or extract therefrom and any other article or chattel which may be found on his person or in or about the place at which he has been apprehended and which the officer may reasonably suspect to be of value (whether by itself or together with anything else) to the investigation of any offence that the person has committed or is reasonably suspected of having committed: Police Force Ordinance (Cap 232) s 50(6). Specific Ordinances have also provided police and other law enforcement officers with the power to search and seize property in different circumstances: Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Cap 134) s 52(1); Customs and Excise Service Ordinance (Cap 342) s 17A. Seizure of goods not authorised by law either because, in the absence of a search warrant the circumstances did not justify search or seizure or, where there is a warrant, the goods seized were not covered in the warrant might be an actionable trespass: Crozier v Cundey (1827) 6 B & C 232, 108 ER 439. 執法人員搜查處所和人，及檢取財產的權力。概括而言，執法人員沒有權力在未得到所涉人士的同意下，作出搜查及檢取財產。但根據普通法，被捕的人可被搜查，而他管有的，可構成針對他或其他人的證據的項目和文件可被檢取：Elias v Pasmore [1934] 2 KB 164。此外，凡任何人被警務人員拘捕，如該人員合理地懷疑任何報章、簿冊或其他文件、以及該等報章、簿冊或文件的任何部分或摘錄、任何其他物品或實產是對調查該人所犯或合理地懷疑該人曾犯的罪行有價值的（不論就其本身或連同任何其他東西），則在該人身上或該人被拘捕現場或現場附近搜查並取去上述各物：《警隊條例》（第232章）第50(6)條。警員和其他執法人員有特定的條例賦予他們在不同的情況下作出搜查和檢取財產的權力：《危險藥物條例 》（第134章）第52(1)條；《香港海關條例》（第342章）第17A條。在下述兩種情形下，未獲法律授權而檢取貨物的行為，可構成可提起訴訟的侵權行為，即沒有搜查令，而有關的情況並未證明可以作出搜查和檢取的行動，或凡有搜查令者，檢取的貨物並不在該搜查令的範圍內：Crozier v Cundey (1827) 6 B & C 232, 108 ER 439。 |
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