法律英语词汇“Estoppel by convention”的翻译、意思、用法、释义-法律词典

单词	Estoppel by convention
释义	慣例不容反悔 Where parties to a contract put a particular interpretation on it by a course of dealing on the faith of which each of them to the knowledge of the other acts and conducts their mutual affairs, they are bound by that interpretation: Chang Ka Pio v Niceson Investment Ltd [1993] 2 HKC 393; Amalgamated Investment & Property Co Ltd (In Liquidation) v Texa Commerce International Bank Ltd [1981] 3 All ER 577, [1982] QB 84. Estoppel by convention is not confined to an agreed assumption as to fact, but may be as to law; and the court will give effect to the agreed assumption only if it would be unconscionable not to do so: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 11, Estoppel [170.119]. For the doctrine to apply, certain conditions must be satisfied: (1) there had to be a common mistaken assumption by both parties that certain facts existed; (2) that the mistaken assumption must be communicated between the parties; (3) both parties must have had conducted on the basis of such a mistake; (4) that it would be unjust for a party to go back on that assumption. The doctrine would not apply to future dealings after the agreement was made: Yuen Ching Yuen v Union Insurance Society of Hong Kong [1998] 2 HKC 294; La Chemise Lacoste SA v Crocodile Garments Ltd [1999] 4 HKC 212. See also Common law estoppel; Estoppel; Estoppel by deed; Estoppel by representation; Estoppel in pais; Promissory estoppel; Proprietary estoppel. 如締約方藉交易過程在合約上作出特別釋義(雙方知悉另一方的作為及真誠地進行他們之間事務)，則雙方均受該等釋義約束： Chang Ka Pio v Niceson Investment Ltd [1993] 2 HKC 393; Amalgamated Investment & Property Co Ltd (In Liquidation) v Texa Commerce International Bank Ltd [1981] 3 All ER 577, [1982] QB 84。慣例不容反悔並不限於事實上已協定的推定，但亦可屬法律上的推定；此外，僅會在使已協定的推定無效屬不合情理的情況下，法庭才會使己協定的推定生效：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, 第11冊，不容反悔，第[170.119]段。必須符合若干條件才可引用此等原則：(1) 就若干事實的存在而言，雙方須有共同錯誤的推定；(2) 各方之間須傳達有關的錯誤推定； (3) 雙方須已根據此等錯誤而行事；(4) 返回該等推定對一方會造成不公平的情況。此等原則在有關協議訂立後，不會適用於未來的交易：Yuen Ching Yuen v Union Insurance Society of Hong Kong [1998] 2 HKC 294; La Chemise Lacoste SA v Crocodile Garments Ltd [1999] 4 HKC 212。另見 Common law estoppel; Estoppel; Estoppel by deed; Estoppel by representation; Estoppel in pais; Promissory estoppel; Proprietary estoppel。
随便看	Average adjuster Average clause Average unless general Averment Moral conviction Moral duty Moral hazard Moral obligation Moral right Moral turpitude Moratorium Moratur in lege More appropriate forum Mores Mortgage Mortgagee Mortgagee in possession Mortgagee's power of sale Mortgage expenses Mortgage trust Mortgagor Mortis causa Mother Motion Motion by consent

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