| 单词 | Extrinsic evidence |
| 释义 | 外在證據 With regard to a contract, deed, or other instrument, the evidence of matters not referred to in or which is outside the document in question. Extrinsic evidence includes direct statements of intention made by the parties; evidence of the parties’ precontractual negotiations, actions, correspondence, or words; evidence of the surrounding circumstances in which the contract was formed or instrument executed; and the subsequent conduct of the parties. The Parol Evidence Rule governs the admissibility of extrinsic evidence as to surrounding circumstances, that subtracts from, adds to, varies, or contradicts the language of the written instrument: Liverpool City Council v Irwin [1976] 2 All ER 39, [1977] AC 239. Extrinsic evidence shows the intention of parties to a contract: Chu Kit Yuk v Country Wide International Ltd [1995] 1 HKC 363 (CA); but cannot be used to contradict the terms of a contract: Shenzhen Baoming Ceramics Co Ltd v Companion-China Ltd [2000] 2 HKC 790 (CA). On the other hand, extrinsic evidence may be allowed to show that there is a want of or failure of consideration in document: Pao On v Lam Yiu Long & Ors [1973-1976] HKC 337. Given the nature of negotiable instruments, the certainty and finality of parties’ promises given to an instrument will be undermined if extrinsic evidence is permitted: Sy Chan Ltd v Choy Wai Bor [2001] 4 HKC 285. To promote business efficacy, extrinsic evidence of surrounding factual circumstances in the common knowledge of both parties will be admissible to discern the presumed common intention of the parties in relation to a possibility which in fact eventuated: Prenn v Simmonds [1971] 3 All ER 237 , 1 WLR 1381 (HL). Also known as ‘extraneous evidence’. See also Ambiguity; Construction; Contract; Collateral contract; Deed; Implied term; Instrument in writing; Intrinsic evidence; Parol evidence rule; Rectification. 就合約、契據或其文書而言，指並沒有在有關文件內提述的事項證據、或是在有關的文件外的事項證據。外在證據包括各方作出的直接意圖陳述；各方在訂立有關合約前的商議、行事、通訊或語句的證據；合約成立或文書簽立的周圍環境證據；以及各方其後的行為。援引口頭證據的規則就周圍環境 規管外在證據的可獲接納的程度，即可減去、增加、更改或否定有關書面文書的文字：Liverpool City Council v Irwin [1976] 2 All ER 39, [1977] AC 239。外在證據證明各方合約上的意圖：Chu Kit Yuk v Country Wide International Ltd [1995] 1 HKC 363 （上訴法庭）；但不可用以反駁合約上的條款：Shenzhen Baoming Ceramics Co Ltd v Companion-China Ltd [2000] 2 HKC 790 （上訴法庭）。另一方面，可准予以外在證據證明有關文件缺乏或沒有代價：Pao On v Lam Yiu Long & Ors [1973-1976] HKC 337。考慮到有關的可流轉票據的性質，如獲准予接納外在證據，則會損害各方就有關文書給定的承諾的確切程度及終局程度：Sy Chan Ltd v Choy Wai Bor [2001] 4 HKC 285。為促進商業效力，會獲准予接納雙方共同知悉的周圍的事實環境的外在證據，就事實上引起的可能性分辨各方推定的共同意圖：Prenn v Simmonds [1971] 3 All ER 237, 1 WLR 1381（上議院）。另稱「外來證據」。另見 Ambiguity; Construction; Contract; Collateral contract; Deed; Implied term; Instrument in writing; Intrinsic evidence; Parol evidence rule; Rectification。 |
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