| 单词 | Informer |
| 释义 | 告發人 A person who supplies information to the police or other investigating authorities about criminal activities, often for the promise of more lenient sentence and generally, on the basis that his identity and the information given will remain confidential. A special procedure called Sivan Procedure is adopted in Hong Kong: R v Sivan & Ors (1988) 10 Cr App R(S) 282 (CA). The whole purpose of the Sivan procedure is to preserve confidentiality in situations where offenders has provided information which they hope will be rewarded by an additional discount to their sentence. The public benefits of this procedure are: information is obtained that will otherwise not be; the offender receives the credit he deserves without putting him and his family in serious risk; and person’s mind to give information will not be discouraged from doing so by the spectacle of another informer’s public exposure. All that the judge needs to have said in open court is that there are special circumstances on the papers which justifies a lenient view being taken of the facts: HKSAR v Tse Ka Wah [1998] 1 HKLRD 925 (CA). Where it is in the opinion of the court that for the justice so requires, the name or identity of any informer and the information given by such informer shall not be disclosed in any civil or criminal proceedings, the court or magistrate may make any order and adopt any procedure necessary to prevent any such disclosure: Copyright Ordinance (Cap 528) s 127; Prevention of Copyright Piracy Ordinance (Cap 544) s 36C; Import and Export Ordinance (Cap 60) s 38; Dutiable Commodities Ordinance (Cap 109) s 44; Prevention of Bribery Ordinance (Cap 201) s 30A. However, there was an exception in the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Cap 134) s 57(2) as to when the identity of a police drug informer may be disclosed: R v Lam Kwok Hung [1989] 2 HKLR 182 (CA). 向警方或其他調查機關提供有關刑事活動的資料的人，通常以換取較輕的刑罰，並且一般會將其身分及其所提供的資料保密。本港採用一項特別程序，名為Sivan程序：R v Sivan & Ors(1988) 10 Cr App R(S) 282（上訴法院）。Sivan程序的目的是確保在犯罪者提供資料後，將其身分及資料保密，該名犯罪者希望藉告發而換取對其刑罰的額外折減。此等程序對公眾的利益包括：取得本不會得到的資料；在無須將犯罪者及其家人置於嚴重危險的情況下，使犯罪者獲得其應得的功勞；提供資料的人不會因另一告發人的身分被公開而失去告發的勇氣。法官只須在公開法庭上指出文件顯示有特別情況，因而有充分理由支持對該案的事實應採納較寬鬆的看法：HKSAR v Tse Ka Wah [1998] 1 HKLRD 925（上訴法院）。凡法院認為為維護司法公正而有需要，任何告發人的姓名或名稱或身分和所提供的資料，不得在任何民事或刑事法律程序中披露；法院並可為防止任何該等披露而作出任何有需要的命令和採取任何有需要的程序：《版權條例》（第528章）第127條；《防止盜用版權條例》（第544章）第36C條；《進出口條例》（第60章）第38條；《應課稅品條例》（第109章）第44條；《防止賄賂條例》（第201章）第30A條。但《危險藥物條例》（第134章）第57(2)條有一例外情況，可就有關藥物的警方舉報人的身分作出披露：R v Lam Kwok Hung [1989] 2 HKLR 182（上訴法院）。n. |
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