| 单词 | Joinder of parties |
| 释义 | 各方的合併 The joinder of all parties whether as plaintiffs or defendants who are necessary and proper for the final resolution of a dispute. Joinder of parties is permitted without leave where, if separate actions were brought, there would be a common question of law or fact, and the claims arise out of the same transaction or series of transactions: The Rules of the High Court (Cap 4A) O 15 r 4; Cameron & Kelly Principles and Practice of Civil Procedure in Hong Kong (2001) ch 3 p 36. In the case of joinder of plaintiffs, all persons so entitled must be joined as parties in the action. Any party who does not consent to be joined as plaintiff must be made a defendant, unless the court gives leave to the contrary: The Rules of the High Court (Cap 4A) O 15 r 4(2); Roche v Sherrington & Ors [1982] 2 All ER 426, 1 WLR 599. In the case of joinder of defendants, where a defendant is jointly and severally liable with some other person, that other person need not be made a defendant. Conversely, if he is jointly but not severally liable, the court may upon application of the defendant stay the proceeding until the other person so liable is added as defendant: The Rules of the High Court (Cap 4A) O 15 r 4(3). If the joinder may embarrass or delay the trial or is inconvenient the court may order separate trial or make such other order as may be expedient: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 5(1), 2000 Reissue, Civil Procedure [90.0233]. See also Joint indictment. 將所有對爭議的最終解決來說屬必需及適當的各方合併（不論以原告人或被告人的身分）。假若有不同的訴訟提出，則某共同的法律問題或事實問題會出現，並且該宗訴訟的申索均因同一宗交易或一系列交易而產生，則可在沒有法庭許可下將各方合併：《高等法院規則》（第4A章）第15號命令第4條；Cameron & Kelly Principles and Practice of Civil Procedure in Hong Kong (2001) Ch 3 p 36。必須使所有如此有權的人成為該宗訴訟的一方；除法庭作出給予許可的命令另有規定外，亦必須使他們當中任何不同意合併為原告人的人成為被告人：《高等法院規則》（第4A章）第15號命令第4(2)條；Roche v Sherrington & Ors [1982] 2 All ER 426, 1 WLR 599。就被告人的合併而言，凡被告人與他人負共同及各別的法律責任，無須使該名人士成為被告人；但如被告人須與他人負共同而非各別法律責任，則法庭可應被告人的申請，擱置該宗訴訟的法律程序，直至其他須如此負法律責任的人被加入成為被告人為止：《高等法院規則》（第4A章）第15號命令第4(3)條。如合併可能會妨礙或延遲審訊，或在其他方面對審訊造成不便，則法庭可命令分開審訊或作出其他合宜的命令：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong，第5(1)冊（2000年再發行）民事訴訟程序，第[90.0233]段。另見 Joint indictment。 |
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