| 单词 | Autrefois convict |
| 释义 | 曾就同一罪行被定罪 Fr – formerly convicted. A defence to a criminal charge at common law and by statute that the accused has been previously been convicted by a court of competence jurisdiction of the offence charged on the same facts: Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Cap 221) s 31; R v Barron [1914] 2 KB 570 (CCA). Autrefois convict could not be pleaded in case of a penalty imposed by a master of a ship who was not acting as a court of competent jurisdiction but by an agreement made between him and the crew under the Merchant Shipping Act 1894: John Anthony Williams v Aard Paulus Schouten & Ors [1955] HKLR 135 (HC). An accused should not be placed in double jeopardy for the same offence: R v Tung Chi Hung (1991) 1 HKPLR 282 (DC). It is a special plea and is usually determined by a jury if the prosecution demurs: R v Sheen (1827) 2 C & P 634. Although the plea prevents a person from being punished twice for the same offence, it does not prevent a person from being punished twice for the act or omission if it gives rise to more than one offence: R v Kendrick and Smith (1931) 23 Cr App R 1. A sentence is not a prerequisite for a plea of autrefois convict: R v Sheridan [1936] 2 All ER 883, [1937] 1 KB 223. See also Autefois acquit; Double jeopardy; Special plea. 法語–前經定罪。指在普通法上及藉法規就有關檢控提出的抗辯，即被告以往已就相同的檢控就相同的事實被定罪：《刑事訴訟程序條例》(第221章)第31條； R v Barron [1914] 2 KB 570 (CCA)。就船主施行的刑罰而言，如並非以符合司法管轄權的法庭的身份行事，而是他和船員根據《1894年商船法令》訂立的協議，則不可以曾就同一罪行被定罪作訴：John Anthony Williams v Aard Paulus Schouten & Ors [1955] HKLR 135 (高等法院)。被告不應就相同的罪行被置於同罪兩審的處境中： R v Tung Chi Hung (1991) 1 HKPLR 282 (地方法院)。屬於特殊答辯，而如控方抗訴，則有關的爭議點通常是由陪審團裁定的：R v Sheen (1827) 2 C & P 634。 儘管有關的答辯阻止一人就相同的罪行被判罰兩次，但如會產生超逾一項罪行，則不會阻止一人就有關的作為或不作為被判罰兩次：R v Kendrick and Smith (1931) 23 Cr App R 1。刑罰並非以曾就同一罪行被定罪作答辯的必要條件：R v Sheridan [1936] 2 All ER 883, [1937] 1 KB 223。另見Autefois acquit; Double jeopardy; Special plea。 |
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