| 单词 | Hardship |
| 释义 | 困苦 Adverse repercussions, whether mental or physical, ranging from temporary discomfort or inconvenience to some permanent and unalterable evil or misfortune. Equity - Courts have the discretion to refuse to grant a decree of specific performance of a written agreement entered into where such a decree would cause serious hardship: Chu Kit Yuk & Anor v Country Wide Industrial Ltd & Ors [1995] 1 HKC 363 (CA); Hangkam Wingtong Woo v Liu Lan Fong [1946-72] HKC 45 (PC). An injunction will be refused where it would cause disproportionate hardship: Guardian Property Management Ltd & Anor v Lui Man Ho [1998] 2 HKC 244. One of the factors to be taken into consideration in determining whether to grant an interlocutory injunction restraining disclosure (FDC Co Ltd & Ors v The Chase Manhattan Bank, NA [1984] 1 HKC 200 (HC)), and in applications for relief against forfeiture (Seto Sylvia & Anor v Kowloon Shopping Centre Ltd & Anor [1980] 1 HKC 725 (HC); Lai Kwok Wah & Or v Seto Sylvia [1977-1979] 1 HKC 144 (CA). See also Undue hardship. Family law - A substantial detriment. A respondent may oppose the grant of a decree on the ground that the dissolution of the marriage will result in grave financial hardship or other hardship: Matrimonial Causes Ordinance (Cap 179) s 15B(1); Cheng Bong Nang v Cheng Ho Fai [1973-76] 1 HKC 137 (HC). It includes the loss of the chance of acquiring any benefit which the respondent might acquire if the marriage were not dissolved: s 15B(3). The hardship need not necessarily be financial: Banik v Banik [1973] 3 All ER 45, 1 WLR 860 (CA). For example, loss of right to live in present home: Yuen Yu Biu v Yuen Nip Yulanda [1977-1979] 1 HKC 453 (HC). 不論是精神上或肉體上的不利影響，包括短暫的不適或不便，以及某些永久而不可改變的惡劣或不幸情況。 衡平法 - 如強制履行已訂立的書面協議命令會導致嚴重的困苦，則法庭有拒絕授予此等法令的酌情決定權：Chu Kit Yuk & Anor v Country Wide Industrial Ltd & Ors [1995] 1 HKC 363（上訴法庭）; Hangkam Wingtong Woo v Liu Lan Fong [1946-72] HKC 45（樞密院）。如禁制令會導致不相稱的困苦，則法庭亦會拒絕授予禁制令：Guardian Property Management Ltd & Anor v Lui Man Ho [1998] 2 HKC 244。在決定是否授予非正審強制令以限制披露時 (FDC Co Ltd & Ors v The Chase Manhattan Bank, NA [1984] 1 HKC 200（高等法院）)、及就針對充公而提起的濟助申請而言 (Seto Sylvia & Anor v Kowloon Shopping Centre Ltd & Anor [1980] 1 HKC 725（高等法院）; Lai Kwok Wah & Or v Seto Sylvia [1977-1979] 1 HKC 144（上訴法庭）)，困苦是需顧及的其中一項因素。另見 Undue hardship。 家庭法 - 實質上的損害。答辯人可以解除婚姻將令其陷入嚴重經濟困境或其他嚴重困境，和在所有情況下解除婚姻均屬不當為理由，反對批出暫准判令：《婚姻訴訟條例》（第179章）第15B(3)條；Cheng Bong Nang v Cheng Ho Fai [1973-1976] 1 HKC 137（高等法院）。困境包括失去取得任何利益的機會，而該利益是該宗婚姻若未解除則答辯人可能會取得的：第15B(3)條。困境無需是經濟上的困境：Banik v Banik [1973] 3 All ER 45, 1 WLR 860（芵國上訴法院）。例如失去在現有家庭居住的權利：Yuen Yu Biu v Yuen Nip Yulanda [1977-1979] 1 HKC 453（高等法院）。n. |
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