| 单词 | Private nuisance |
| 释义 | 私人滋擾 An unreasonable interference with a person’s use or enjoyment of land or of some right connected with land: Wan Hung Choi v Cheng Kam Shui [1990] 2 HKC 466. It is thus a violation of a person’s private rights as opposed to a violation of rights which he enjoys in common with all members of the public. One of the grounds of the responsibility is ordinarily the possession and control of land from which the nuisance proceeds: Hubbard v Pitt [1976] QB 142, [1975] 3 All ER 1 (CA). However, the original creator of a nuisance remains liable even if he no longer has occupation or control: Page Motors Ltd v Epsom and Ewell BC (1981) 80 LGR 337, JPL 572 (CA). The other ground is unreasonable interference with the use or enjoyment of life: Hunter v Canary Wharf [1997] AC 655, 2 All ER 426. There is no liability for a present risk of potential future damage: Midland Bank plc v Bardgrove Property Services Ltd & Ors [1992] 37 EG 126. Although liability for private nuisance is strict, and it is no defence for the defendant to plead that he took reasonable care to prevent the commission of the nuisance, there are several defences available to a defendant, such as (1) act of stranger; (2) act of God; or (3) statutory authority: Department of Transport v North West Water Authority [1984] AC 336, [1983] 3 All ER 273. Remedies include abatement, damages, and an injunction. See also Abatement of nuisance; Nuisance; Public nuisance. 對某人所使用或享用的土地或與土地有關的某些權利所作出的不合理干擾: Wan Hung Choi v Cheng Kam Shui [1990] 2 HKC 466。因此是侵犯某人的私人權利, 相對於侵犯某人與全體公眾共同享有的權利。佔有及控制滋擾發生的土地通常是有責任的其中一個理由: Hubbard v Pitt [1976] QB 142, [1975] 3 All ER 1 （英國上訴法院）。但即使原本製造滋擾的人不再佔有或控制有關土地, 他仍有法律責任: Page Motors Ltd v Epsom and Ewell BC (1982) 80 LGR 337, JPL 572 （英國上訴法院）。另一個理由是不合理地干擾生命的運作或享樂: Hunter v Canary Wharf [1997] 2 All ER 426。現有的潛在將來損害危機則不會構成法律責任: Midland Bank v Bardgrove Property Services [1992] 37 EG 126。儘管私人滋擾的法律責任嚴格, 被告也不得辯稱他已作出合理的處置, 阻止滋擾的發生, 但被告有數項可行的申辯， 例如(1)第三者之行為；(2)天災；或(3)法定的權力： Department of Transport v North West Water Authority [1984] AC 336，[1983] 3 All ER 273。補救包括除去滋擾， 損害賠償和禁制令。另見 Abatement of nuisance; Nuisance; Public nuisance。 |
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