| 单词 | Customer of a bank |
| 释义 | 銀行客戶 A person with an account with a bank, either a current or savings account (Hart v Sangster [1957] 1 Ch 329, 2 All ER 208) or having a similar relationship, such as a person with a fixed or term deposit account with the bank: Great Western Railway Co v London and County Banking Co Ltd [1901] AC 414 (HL); Lacave & Co v Credit Lyonnais [1897] 1 QB 148. The meaning of customer was extended, a banker-customer relationship was immediately established upon the acceptance by a bank of a person’s offer to open an account with that bank: Ladbroke & Co v Todd (1914) Com Cas 256, [1914-15] All ER 1134. The relationship of banker and customer existed between the parties from the time when the bank accepted instructions from the plaintiff to collect monies from a building society, to pay part to a company he was going to finance and ‘retain to my order the balance of the proceeds’, although there was at that time no account: Woods v Martins Bank Ltd [1959] 1 QB 55. The relationship of banker and customer does not arise unless and until both parties intend to enter into such a relationship. A person for whom a bank merely performs a casual service is not a customer: Great Western Railway Co v London and County Banking Co Ltd, supra. Once an account is opened there need not be any regular dealing in the sense of regularly visiting the bank or doing business with it. This is the essential difference between a customer of a shop and the customer of a bank: Ladbroke & Co v Todd, supra; Cmrs of Taxation v English Scottish & Australian Bank Ltd [1920] AC 683. See also Account; Bank; Cheque; Collecting Bank; Greenwood duty; Macmillan duty. 在銀行開有賬戶的人，可以是活期或儲蓄賬戶(Hart v Sangster [1957] 1 Ch 329, 2 All ER 208)，也可以是類似的存款關係，如在銀行開立定期賬戶：Great Western Railway Co v London and County Banking Co Ltd [1901] AC 414（上議院）; Lacave & Co v Credit Lyonnais [1897] 1 QB 148。客戶的含義有所擴展，當一個人在銀行開立賬戶的請求一旦被該銀行所接受，銀行與客戶的關係立即成立：Ladbroke & Co v Todd (1914) Com Cas 256, [1914-15] All ER 1134。銀行和客戶之間之關係存在於當銀行接受客戶或當事人之指令去向金融機構收取款項，付款給客戶即將融資的公司，及收取客戶之應收款項雖然當時並無已開立之帳戶：Woods v Martins Bank Ltd [1959] 1 QB 55。銀行和客戶關係只有在雙方有建立關係的共同意向時才得以成立。接受銀行非正式服務的人不是銀行客戶：Great Western Railway Co v London and County Banking Co Ltd, 見上文。一旦賬戶開立，不需要常規交易，即經常光顧銀行或與之進行商業往來。這是銀行客戶與商店客戶的最本質區別：Ladbroke & Co v Todd, supra; Cmrs of Taxation v English Scottish & Australian Bank Ltd [1920] AC 683。 |
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