单词 | Evidence |
释义 | 證據 1. Any statement, record, testimony, or other things, apart from legal submissions, which tends to prove the existence of a fact in issue. Evidence is a usual means of proving and disproving a fact or matter in issue. There are several types of evidence which can be tendered or adduced at a trial: for example, direct, circumstantial, oral, documentary, real, indirect, original, derivative, primary, secondary, prima facie, expert, opinion, confessional, sworn, and unsworn. 2. The law of evidence or evidence law, which governs the means and manner in which a party may substantiate his own case: Halsbury’s Laws of England Vol 17, Evidence, para 1. This is the procedural law which is essential to the ascertainment of facts in litigation. Evidence law operates to apply (mainly exclusionary) rules of proof as a constraint upon the adduction of facts, at civil and criminal trials; hence the use of the phrase exclusionary rules of evidence, for example, hearsay evidence, similar fact evidence, illegally obtained evidence, corroborative evidence, opinion evidence, identification evidence, non-testimonial evidence. See also Admissibility; Circumstantial evidence; Direct evidence; Illegally obtained evidence; Secondary evidence; Sworn evidence. 1. 任何有助於證明某受爭議事實的存在的陳述、紀錄、證供或其他物品(法律陳詞除外)證據是證明或反駁某受爭議事實或事項的普通方法。有若干可在審訊提供或援引的證據類別:例如直接證據、環境證據、口頭證據、文件證據、實物證據、間接證據、原始證據、衍生證據、主要證據、次要證據、表面證據、專家證據、意見證據、供認證據、經宣誓證據、未經宣誓證據。 2. 指規管一方可確立其本身案件的方式的證據法:Halsbury’s Laws of England 第 17冊,證據,第1段。證據屬程序法,對確定訴訟的事實具有重要的作用。不論是在民事或刑事審訊,證據法主要以排除的規則的方式限制所援引的事實;因此 確立了證據排除規則,例如傳聞證證據、類似事實證據、非法取得的證據、佐證、意見證據、辯釋證據、非口供證據。另見 Admissibility; Circumstantial evidence; Direct evidence; Illegally obtained evidence; Secondary evidence; Sworn evidence。n. |
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