法律英语词汇“Representative action”的翻译、意思、用法、释义-法律词典

单词	Representative action
释义	代表訴訟 Where numerous parties to a court proceeding who have the same interest in the proceedings are represented by one of the parties. For example, where an action is brought by a member of a company to enforce or protect the rights of members generally, the plaintiff usually sues on behalf of himself and the other members. Three criteria must be satisfied for a representative action: a common interest (Rules of High Court (Cap 4A) O15 r 12(1)), a common grievance, and the relief sought must be beneficial to all parties represented by the party on the record (Irish Shipping Ltd v Commercial Union Assurance Co plc, The Irish Rowan [1991] 2 QB 206). Nevertheless, the court retains a discretion whether to refuse to allow proceedings to continue as a representative action: JBollinger SA v Goldwell Ltd [1971] 1 RPC 412. Where a writ is issued in a representative action, it must be entitled so as to show that the action is a representative action (Harold William Newnham Flynn v A-G (HCA 3562/90, unreported)) and it must be indorsed with a statement of the capacity in which the representative party sues (O 6 r 3(a), (b)). In a representative action, a person represented though not named in the writ will be added or substituted for the named plaintiff who falls out for any reason: O15 r 6(1). The judgment in a representative action binds all the members of the class of defendants represented: Friends Provident and Century Life Office v Investment Trust Corp Ltd [1951] 2 All ER 632 (HL). See also Class action. 在法律程序中有相同利益的當事人由其中一人代表其他眾多的當事人。例如倘若公司的一位成員提出訴訟以執行或保障一般成員的權利，原告通常代表他本人及其他成員起訴。代表訴訟必須符合三個標準：相同的權益（《高等法院規則》（第4A章）第15號命令第12(1)規則），共同的冤情，以及所謀求的濟助必須有益於由紀錄上的代表人代表的所有當事人(Irish Shipping Ltd v Commercial Union Assurance Co plc, The Irish Rowan [1991] 2 QB 206)。儘管如此，就是否拒絕容許法律程序以代表訴訟的性質繼續，法院保留酌情權：JBollinger SA v Goldwell Ltd [1971] 1 RPC 412。如在代表訴訟中發出令狀，令狀必須以此定名以顯示有關的訴訟為代表訴訟 (Harold William Newnham Flynn v A-G（高院民事訴訟1990年第3562號，未經彙報）)及令狀必須註有關於當事人是以代表的身分起訴的陳述：第6號命令第3(a)及(b)規則。在代表訴訟中，會增加在令狀沒有被記名的代表人或代替以任何理由退出的原告：第15號命令第 6(1)規則。代表訴訟的判決對被告代表的類別的所有成員有約束力：Friends Provident and Century Life Office v Investment Trust Corp Ltd [1951] 2 All ER 632（上議院）。另見 Class action。
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