| 单词 | Fundamental breach |
| 释义 | 基本性違約 A breach which affects the very substance of a contract or it makes further performance of a contract impossible. In other words, as a result of the breach the whole or substantial benefit of a contract to an innocent party is denied: Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd [1962] 1 All ER 474, 2 QB 26 (CA). One must look at the contract in light of the surrounding circumstances to decide what nature of a breach shall be treated as fundamental. Delivery of goods without obtaining production of bill of lading amounts to a fundamental breach and exemption clauses in a contract has no effect in excluding or limiting one’s liability for a breach if the breach is resulted from deliberately disregarding one of the prime obligations of a contract: Kuehne & Nagel (Hong Kong) Ltd and Yuen Fung Metal Works Ltd [1979] HKLR 526 (CA). An innocent party is entitled to treat himself being discharged from further performance of a contract when fundamental breach arises. See also Anticipatory breach; Breach of contract; Constructive; Continuing breach; Fundamental term. 影響合約的實質內容或導致無法進一步履行合約的違約。換言之，此等違約導致不知情一方的整體或實質合約利益被予以否定：Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd [1962] 1 All ER 474，2 QB 26 （芵國上訴法院）。必須因應周圍的情況考慮有關的合約，並就某項違約的性質決定是否應視為基本性違約。在沒有取得提單出示的情況下交付貨物相等於基本性違約；此外，凡違約是由於一方蓄意不予理會合約中的其中一項主要責任而造成的，則合約中的免責條款不得將該方因違約而造成的法律責任免除或限制：Kuehne & Nagel (Hong Kong) Ltd and Yuen Fung Metal Works Ltd [1979] HKLR 526 （上訴法庭）。如有基本性違約的情況發生，不知情的一方有權視他／她本身已解除就有關合約而需進一步履行的責任。另見 Anticipatory breach; Breach of contract; Constructive; Continuing breach; Fundamental term。 |
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