| 单词 | Survival of actions |
| 释义 | 訴訟因由留存 The continued existence of a cause of action despite the death of the person it was vested in. Legislation provides that, on the death of a person, all causes of action subsisting against or vested in him or her, other than those for defamation or seduction or for inducing one spouse to leave or remain apart from the other or to claims for damages on the ground of adultery, survive for the benefit of or against the deceased’s estate: Law Amendment and Reform (Consolidation) Ordinance (Cap 23) s 20(1). Therefore, a living victim may sue the estate of the tortfeasor or an action can be brought on behalf of the victim’s estate. However, legislation expressly excludes the survival of any claim for exemplary damages or damages for bereavement or for loss of society: s 20(1A). The causes of action which survive for the benefit of or against the estate of the deceased include rights of action founded on breaches of contractual obligations (Beckham v Drake (1849) 2 HL Cas 579), rights of action for personal injuries to the deceased, including claims for damages for pain and suffering (Slater v Spreag [1936] 1 KB 83) and rights of action founded on statutory duties or rights, if as a matter of construction the statute envisages this (Harvey v R G O’Dell Ltd [1958] 2 QB 78, 1 All ER 657). 儘管與訴訟因由有關的人去世，但訴訟因由繼續存在。法例規定，任何人死亡時，別人針對他提出訴訟的所有現正存續的訴訟因由，或他針對別人提出訴訟的所有現正存續的訴訟因由，須針對有關死者的遺產而留存，或須為了有關死者的遺產的利益而留存，但不適用於誹謗或誘惑的訴訟因由，或誘使配偶一方離開另一方或繼續與另一方分離的訴訟因由，或以通姦為理由而提出損害賠償的申索的訴訟因由：《法律修訂及改革（綜合）條例》（第23章）第20(1)條。因此，在世的受害人可就侵權人的財產進行起訴，或可代表受害人的財產提出訴訟。但法例以明示方式排除任何懲戒性的損害賠償，或關於親屬喪亡之痛的損害賠償或社會損失的申索的留存：第20(1A)條。為了死者的遺產的利益或為針對有關死者的遺產而留存的訴訟因由，包括根據違反契約義務而存在的訴訟權 (Beckham v Drake (1849) 2 HL Cas 579)，對死者的個人傷害的訴訟權，包括為了痛楚或痛苦而追討損害賠償的申索 (Slater v Spreag [1936] 1 KB 83)，及如在釋義上有關的法規有預期，則可根據法定義務或權利而產生的訴訟權 (Harvey v R G O’Dell Ltd [1958] 2 QB 78, 1 All ER 657)。 |
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