| 单词 | International Court of Justice |
| 释义 | 國際法庭 Abbr – ICJ. The principal judicial organ of the United Nations established, as a replacement for the Permanent Court of International Justice, by the Statute of the International Court of Justice 1945: Charter of the United Nations 1945 art 92. The International Court of Justice, which sits at the Hague, has both an advisory and contentious jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice comprises all cases which the parties refer to it, and all matters specially provided for in the Charter of the United Nations or in treaties or conventions in force. The jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice is not affected by any decisions of the Security Council or any other established mechanism for the resolution of the dispute: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 13, Foreign Relations [190.288]. A state may at any time declare that it recognises the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice as compulsory ipso facto in all legal disputes concerning (1) the interpretation of a treaty; (2) any question of international law; (3) the existence of any fact which, if established, would constitute a breach of an international obligation; or (4) the nature or extent of the reparation to be made for the breach of an international obligation: Statute of the International Court of Justice art 36(2). Declarations accepting the compulsory jurisdiction of the court may be made unconditionally or on condition of reciprocity or for a certain time: (Nicaragua v United States of America) (The Times, 27 November 1984, ICJ). Declarations may also contain other types of reservation such as (a) reservations of matters which, by international law, are within the domestic jurisdiction of the state; and (b) reservations of disputes which arose before a certain date and out of facts which existed before that date: Statute of the International Court of Justice art 36(30). See also United Nations; United Nations Security Council. 縮寫 — ICJ。聯合國的主要司法機關，根據《1945年國際法庭法規》設立以代替常設國際法院：《1945年聯合國憲章》第92條。國際法庭設於海牙，具有咨詢及爭議的兩種司法管轄權。國際法庭的司法管轄權涵括所有當事人向其提交的案件及所有《聯合國憲章》或有效的條約或有效的公約特別規定的事宜。國際法庭的司法管轄權不受安理會或其他為解決爭議而設立的機制之決定影響：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, 第13冊，對外關係，第[190.288]段。一個國家可於任何時候就下述事宜，宣佈它承認就一切法律爭議國際法庭有事實使然的強制性司法管轄權：(1)就條約的解釋；(2)有關國際法的問題；(3)任何如能確立便會構成違反國際法義務的事實；或(4)違反國際法義務的補救其性質及範圍：《國際法庭法規》第36(2)條。接受法庭強制性司法管轄權的宣稱可以是無條件的，或基於相互的條件或在某特定時間內：(Nicaragua v United States of America)(《時代日報》1984年11月27日，國際法院)。宣稱亦可作其他種類的保留，例如（a）根據國際法屬於國內司法管轄權範圍的事宜作出的保留；（b） 對在某日期前發生的，並就某日期前發生的事實而引起的爭議作出的保留：《國際法庭法規》第36（30）條。另見 United Nations; United Nations Security Council。 |
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