| 单词 | Act of God |
| 释义 | 天災 An event, occurrence, or accident due to natural causes which occurs independently of human intervention and either could not by any amount of ability have been foreseen, or if foreseen, could not by the exercise of all reasonable skill and care have been avoided. It must be so something overwhelming rather than an ordinary accidental circumstance: Star Ferry Co Ltd v Owners of the Ship or Vessel ‘Argonaut’ (Greek Flag) & Anor [1980] HKC 308 (HC); Pandorf v Hamilton (1886) 17 QBD 670 (CA). Whether a particular occurrence amounts to an act of God is a question of fact, depending upon the circumstances of the case. Examples include a violent storm at sea or an earthquake: Nugent v Smith (1876) 1 CPD 423 (CA); Wong Lai Ying & Ors v Chinachem Investment Co Ltd [1980] HKLR 1. In contract law, an act of God may be a ground for a plea of frustration of the contract. An act of God also affords a defence to common law torts involving strict liability. See also Force majeure clause; Frustration; Strict liability. 由自然災害所導致的意外事故，並非由人為干預所致及不能為人預見；即使能預見；不能藉一切合理的技術及謹慎而避免。天災必定是勢不可擋的，而非普通的意外情況：Star Ferry Co Ltd v Owners of the Ship or Vessel ‘Argonaut’ (Greek Flag) & Anor [1980] HKC 308 （高等法院）；Pandorf v Hamilton (1886) 17 QBD 670（英國上訴法院）。某特定事故是否構成天災，則屬事實問題，視乎事件的情況。例子包括：海上暴風浪或地震：Nugent v Smith (1876) 1 CPD 423 （英國上訴法院）；Wong Lai Ying & Ors v Chinachem Investment Co Ltd [1980] HKLR 1。在合同法上，天災可構成合約受挫失敗的申辯。天災亦是普通法侵權法涉及嚴格法律責任的辯護理由。另見 Force majeure clause; Frustration; Strict liability。 |
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