| 单词 | Wilful default |
| 释义 | 故意失責 In the law of trusts, deliberate and purposeful conduct of a trustee which the trustee knows to be a breach of trust consisting of a failure to perform his or her duty: Re Trusts of Leeds City Brewery Ltd [1925] Ch 532n. A passive breach of trust, an omission by a trustee to do something that, as a prudent trustee, he ought to have done, as distinct from an active breach of trust, that is to say, doing something which the trustee ought not to have done: Bartlett v Barclays Bank Trust Co Ltd (No 2) [1980] Ch 515, 2 All ER 92. Wilful misconduct is misconduct knowingly undertaken, not merely spontaneous, or accidental or negligent conduct. The trustee must therefore know that he or she is committing a breach of trust duty, or be recklessly careless in the sense of not caring whether the act or omission is a breach of duty: Re City Equitable Fire Insurance Co Ltd [1925] Ch 407. A trustee is liable for wilful default: Trustee Ordinance (Cap 29) s 32. In proceedings against trustees for wilful default, accounts will be directed against them on that footing on proof of a single instance of wilful default and at any stage of the proceedings: Re Barclay, Barclay v Andrew [1899] 1 Ch 674. See also Trust; Trustee. 就信託法而言，受託人故意及有目的的行為，而受託人知道該行為包含不履行他或她的責任而構成違反信託：Re Trusts of Leeds City Brewery Ltd [1925] Ch 532n。被動地違反信託，受託人沒有做出某作為，而作為審慎的受託人他應該做的，這與主動違反信託成對比，後者所指的是，做出受託人不應該做的：Bartlett v Barclays Bank Trust Co Ltd (No 2) [1980] Ch 515, 2 All ER 92。故意失當行為乃明知而作出的失當行為，它不是無意識的，或意外發生的，或疏忽行為。因此，受託人必須知道他或她正違反信託責任，或罔顧後果的不小心，即不理會作為或不作為是否違反責任：Re City Equitable Fire Insurance Co Ltd [1925] Ch 407。受託人須就故意失責承擔責任：《受託人條例》（第29章）第32條。就受託人故意失責提起的訴訟程序，在程序的任何階段證明有一次的故意失當，法庭將在該基礎上，作出針對受託人的交待指示：Re Barclay, Barclay v Andrew [1899] 1 Ch 674。另見 Trust; Trustee。 |
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