| 单词 | Keech v Sandford principle |
| 释义 | Keech訴Sandford的規則 The principle, of an absolute and strict nature, that a person in a fiduciary relationship may not make an unauthorised gain in a situation of actual or potential conflict, regardless of whether the person to whom the fiduciary duty is owed could have taken the property the subject of the gain. The fiduciary holds any property so gained on constructive trust for the beneficiary: Keech v Sandford (1726) 25 ER 223; Chinese United Establishments Ltd v Cheung Siu Ki & Anor [1997] 2 HKC 212 (HC). The principle is extended to prevent self-dealing by the trustee, and to prevent the trustee from being swayed by considerations of personal interest and thus to avoid any actual or apparent breach of duty: Sun Sek & Ors Haw v Au So Kum [1999] 3 HKC 92 (CA). The rule is sometimes also extended to those not in a strict trustee-beneficiary relationship. For example, a liquidator who sells company property to himself without authority is in breach of his fiduciary duty: Companies (Winding-up) Rules (Cap 32H) r 148. See also Constructive trust; Fiduciary; Self-dealing. 此規則既是絕對又嚴格，規定不論被負有某項受信責任的人是否可取得該項屬收益的主題的財產，受信關係人的人均不得在有實際或潛在衝突的情況下，賺取未經授權的收益。受信人為受益人的權益而以推定信託形式持有任何如此賺取的財產：Keech v Sandford (1726) 25 ER 223；Chinese United Establishments Ltd v Cheung Siu Ki & Anor [1997] 2 HKC 212 （高等法院）。此規則擴及禁止受託人與自己交易，亦防止受託人受個人利害關係的考慮動搖，從而避免任何實際或表面的不履行責任：Sun Sek & Ors Haw v Au So Kum [1999] 3 HKC 92 （上訴法院）。此規則有時亦擴及該等嚴格來說並非屬受託人與受益人的關係。例如凡清盤人在缺乏許可的情況下購買公司財產，即違反其受信責任：《公司（清盤）規則》（第32H章）第148條。另見 Constructive trust; Fiduciary; Self-dealing。 |
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