| 单词 | Legitimate expectation |
| 释义 | 合法期望 In administrative law, one of the grounds of judicial review under the head of procedural impropriety: Schmidt & Anor v Secretary of State for Home Affairs [1969] 1 All ER 904, 2 Ch 149 (CA). A reasonable expectation that a legal right or liberty will obtained or renewed, or will not be unfairly withdrawn without a hearing: A-G of Hong Kong v Ng Yuen Shiu [1983] 2 AC 629, 2 All ER 346 (PC); Alphonso & Anor v Director of Immigration [2000] 2 HKC 69 (CFI). The phrase ‘legitimate expectation’ is reserved for procedural as opposed to legal rights: Re Wong Pei Chun & Ors [1998] 1 HKLRD 766 (CFI). An administrative decision-maker comes under a duty to accord procedural fairness to a person likely to be affected by the decision. So any promise, representation, practice, undertaking or policy made, adopted or announced by or on behalf of government or a public authority as to future conduct, which generated a legitimate expectation that such promise or undertaking would be honoured, gives rise to a duty on the decision-maker to give persons to whom the statements were addressed an opportunity to be heard before arriving at a decision adverse to their interests: A-G of HK v Ng Yuen Shiu, supra. Failure to honour the expectation may amount to an abuse of power justifying intervention by the court. The procedural safeguard sometimes extends to create substantive rights or benefit, known as substantive legitimate expectation: R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Hargreaves [1997] 1 All ER 397, 1 WLR 906 (CA); R v North East Devon Health Authority, ex p Coughlan [2000] 3 All ER 850, 2 WLR 622 (CA). The doctrine however is subject to overriding reason of law or policy changing: R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Khan [1984] 1 WLR 1337 [1985] 1 All ER 40 (CA); Ng Siu Tung & Ors v Director of Immigration [2002] 1 HKLRD 561 (CFA). See also Legal right; Natural justice; Procedural fairness. 在行政法上，指根據程序上不合理行為所作出的司法覆核的其中一個理由：Schmidt & Anor v Secretary of State for Home Affairs [1969] 1 All ER 904, 2 Ch 149（英國上訴法院）。取得或重訂合法權利或自由的合理期望不在在沒有聆訊的情況下被不公平地撤回：A-G of Hong Kong v Ng Yuen Shiu [1983] 2 AC 629, 2 All ER 346 （樞密院）; Alphonso & Anor v Director of Immigration [2000] 2 HKC 69 （高等法院原訴庭）。「合法期望」一詞是保留予程序權利，與合法權利相反：Re Wong Pei Chun & Ors [1998] 1 HKLRD 766 （高等法院原訴庭）。某行政決策者向某人協議程序公平很有可能受其裁定影響。因此由政府或代表政府或任何公共機構所作出、採用或宣佈的任何針對未來行為承諾、陳述、行為、保證或政策，而造成一個合法期望，此等承諾或保證將被授予，使決策者有義務給予作出陳述的人機會，使該等人士在作出對其利益不利的裁定前可作聆訊：A-G of HK v Ng Yuen Shiu, 見上文。如無法授予期望可使法庭構成濫用干預自辯權力。程序上的保護措施有時會延伸至訂立實任權利或權益，稱為實任合法期望：R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Hargreaves [1997] 1 All ER 397, 1 WLR 906（英國上訴法院）; R v North East Devon Health Authority, ex p Coughlan [2000] 3 All ER 850, 2 WLR 622（英國上訴法院）。但此原則是受法律的重要因素或改變中的政策所管限：R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Khan [1984] 1 WLR 1337 [1985] 1 All ER 40（英國上訴法院）; Ng Siu Tung & Ors v Director of Immigration [2002] 1 HKLRD 561 （終審法院）。另見 Legal right; Natural justice; Procedural fairness。 |
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