| 单词 | Natural consequence |
| 释义 | 自然結果 Direct cause: Weld-Blundell v Stephens [1920] AC 956. The term is often referred as ‘natural and probable consequence’. A legal test used to determine whether an act or omission of an accused caused the death of the victim when the victim died in an attempt to avoid injury at the accused’s hand. Where the conduct of the accused induces in the victim a well-founded apprehension of physical harm such as to make it a natural (or reasonable) consequence that the victim would seek to escape and the victim is injured in the course of escaping, the injury is caused by the accused’s conduct: R v Mackie (1973) 57 Cr App Rep 453 (CA). In determining whether a person has committed an offence, a court or jury is not, however, bound in law to infer that he intended or foresaw a result of his actions by reason only of its being a natural and probable consequence of those actions; it must decide whether the accused did intend or foresee that result by reference to all the evidence, drawing such inferences from it as appear proper in all the circumstances: Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Cap 221) s 65A(1). See also Foresight; Foresight of consequences. 直接因由：Weld-Blundell v Stephens [1920] AC 956。此用語一般指 「自然而可能的結果」。用以裁定被告的作為或不作為是否引致受害者的死亡的驗證可用作證明當受害者死亡時，被告有否嘗試避免傷害受害。當被告的行為有好的證據證明其身體傷害而誘使拘留受害者，因而受害者尋求逃走屬自然 （或合理的結果），如受害者在逃走過程中受傷，其受傷即屬因被告的行為而造成：R v Mackie (1973) 57 Cr App Rep 453 (芵國上訴法院)。法庭或陪審團在裁定某人有否犯某罪行時在法律上並非一定需要僅因他的作為或不作為的結果是該等作為或不作為的自然和頗有可能的後果，而推斷他意圖造成或預見該結果；但須藉參考所有的證據，從該等證據作出在有關情況下看來是恰當的推論，從而決定該被告當時是否意圖造成或預見該結果：《刑事訴訟程序條例》(第221章)第65A(1)條。另見 Foresight; Foresight of consequences。 |
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