| 单词 | Pleadings |
| 释义 | 狀書 1. Written or printed statements which alternate between the parties to a dispute and define the issues to be decided in an action. Criminal pleadings may consist of an indictment, presentment, information, or complaint, followed by a plea (usually ‘guilty’ or ‘not guilty’) on the part of the accused. If there is no valid indictment, presentment, information, or complaint, there cannot be a valid trial, verdict, or sentence: R v Morais [1988] 3 All ER 161. All the legal and factual elements of the offence charged must be set out and the pleadings must not be duplicitous. The form of an indictment: Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Cap 221) ss 17-25. The provisions in the Indictment Rules (Cap 221C) also apply to the charge sheet used in the District Court: District Court Ordinance (Cap 336) s 79. 2. The term ‘pleading’ is used in civil cases to denote a document in which a party to proceedings in court is required by law to formulate in writing his case or part of his case in preparation for the hearing: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 5, Civil Procedure [90.0368]. Pleadings include the statement of claim and defence and any counterclaim and any reply and defence to counterclaim. They also include any subsequent documents used to express the party’s case. Further and better particulars are also pleadings: Davey v Bentinck [1893] 1 QB 185 (CA). A concise statement of the nature of the claim indorsed on the writ is not, however, a pleading, neither is a notice of appeal: Chung Fai Engineering Co Ltd v Maxwell Engineering Co Ltd (HCMP 4473/2000, unreported). In the Rules of the High Court ‘pleading’ does not include a petition, summons or preliminary act: The Rules of the High Court (Cap 4A) O 1 r 4(1). ‘Pleading’ also describes the act of drafting or settling any of these documents: O 18. See also Affidavit of documents; Complaint; Defence; Duplicity; Indictment; Information; Plea; Production and inspection; Statement of claim. 1.在爭議各方之間輪流所作的，書寫或印刷的陳述，它們界定需要通過訴訟決定的受爭議事宜。刑事狀書可包括公訴書、控訴書、告發或申訴，隨之而來乃被控人所作的對控罪的答辯﹝一般為「認罪」或「不認罪」」。如沒有有效的公訴書、控訴書、告發或申訴，就沒有有效的審訊、裁決或宣判：R v Morais [1988] 3 All ER 161。所有有關控罪的法律或事實的元素必須列出而狀書必須不能重複。公訴書的形式：《刑事訴訟程序條例》（第221章）第17-25條。《公訴書規則》（第221C章）的條文亦適用於區域法院：《區域法院條例》（第336章）第79條。 2. 在民事案件中使用「狀書」一詞，表示參與訴訟一方在法律上須為審訊，以書面在一份文件上制訂他的案或他一部份的案：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, 第5冊，民事訴訟程序，第 [90.0368]段。狀書包括抗辯書及申索陳述書，及反申索書，及答覆書，以及反申索書的抗辯書。它們亦包括任何日後的用以表示與訟方的案的其他文件。更詳盡清楚的詳情亦屬狀書：Davey v Bentinck [1893] 1 QB 185 （英國上訴法院）。在訴訟令狀背面就申索性質的詳細陳述不算狀書，上訴通知書亦非狀書：Chung Fai Engineering Co Ltd v Maxwell Engineering Co Ltd（高院雜項案件2000年第4473號，未經彙報）。《高等法院規則》中，「狀書」不包括呈請、傳票或預備文件：《高等法院規則》（第4A章）第1號命令第4(1)條規則。「狀書」亦包括草擬或擬備這些文件的作為：第18號命令。另見 Affidavit of documents; Complaint; Defence; Duplicity; Indictment; Information; Plea; Production and inspection; Statement of claim。n. |
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