| 单词 | Charterparty |
| 释义 | 租船合約 A contract whereby an entire vessel or some principal part of the vessel may be used or employed by the charterer for a voyage or series of voyage or for a period of time. It consists of a signed contract embodying the terms already negotiated and agreed by the parties. The parties to a charterparty are the shipowner and the charterer. The essential terms of a charterparty relate to the amount of freight payable, the method and time of payment, the places of loading and delivery of cargo, the number of lay days, and the rate of demurrage. The main categories of charterparty are: voyage charterparties (a contract to carry specified goods on a defined voyage or series of voyage, the shipowner is remunerated by the payment of freight); time charterparties (a contract to perform services during a specified period in consideration of the payment of hire for the time during which the charterer is entitled to the use of the vessel): Sea and Land Securities Ltd v William Dickinson & Co Ltd [1942] 2 KB 65, 1 All ER 503 (CA)); and charterparties by demise or bareboat charter (under which the vessel is leased to the charterer, with or without master and crew). A valid charterparty may be concluded by correspondence even if it is intended that the contract is to be afterwards embodied in a formal charterparty: Rederi Aktiebolaget Nordstjernan v Salvesen & Co (1903) 6 F 64, [1905] AC 302 (HL). See also Bill of lading; Cargo; Charterer; Charterer’s liability; Demurrage; Freight; Lay day; Time charterparty; Voyage charterparty. 合約的一種，據此承租人為一次航行或一連串航行或在一段時間內，使用或利用整艘船舶或其若干主要部分而簽訂的。租船合約由一個已經簽署的合約構成，載錄締約方協商及同意的條款。租船合約的締約方是船東和承租人。租船合約最關鍵的條款和以下幾個方面密切相關：可付運費的總數、付款的時間和方式、貨物裝載和卸貨的地點、港口耽擱的日數和滯留停泊費率。租船合約的主要類型有：航次租船合約（於一次規定的航行或一連串的航行運送特定貨物的合約，船東以運費方式獲付酬金），定期租賃合約（在某特定時期內執行服務的合約，以租金為代價，以租船人有權使用該船舶的期間計算）：Sea and Land Securities Ltd v William Dickinson & Co Ltd [1942] 2 KB 65, 1 All ER 503（英國上訴法院））；轉管租約形式的租船合約或光船租賃合約（據此船舶租賃給承租人時，配備或不配備船長和船員）。一份有效的租船合約可以藉通信的方式訂立，即使有意將該合約載錄於其後訂立的正式租船合約：Rederi Aktiebolaget Nordstjernan v Salvesen & Co (1903) 6 F 64, [1905] AC 302（上議院）。另見 Bill of lading; Cargo; Charterer; Charterer’s liability; Demurrage; Freight; Lay day; Time charterparty; Voyage charterparty。 |
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