| 单词 | Common law estoppel |
| 释义 | 普通法不容反悔法 A doctrine of law which precludes a person from denying the truth of a statement which he has formally made or the existence of facts which by words or conduct he has led others to believe in them so that he cannot later argue that the state of affairs was different. Although common law estoppel has been described as a rule of evidence and a cause of action cannot be founded on it: Low v Bouverie [1891-94] All ER Rep 348, [1891] 3 Ch 82 (CA). It is now more correctly regarded as a substantive rule of law: Canada and Dominion Sugar Co Ltd v Canadian National (West Indies) Steamships Ltd [1947] AC 46 (PC). A clause in a contract whereby the parties agreed to a certain statement of fact may later operate not as a promise but as an estoppel: Lowe v Lombank Ltd [1960] 1 All ER 611, 1 WLR 196 (CA). The common law acknowledges three types of common law estoppel: estoppel by record or quasi by record; estoppel by deed; and estoppel in pais. See also Equitable estoppel; Estoppel; Estoppel by convention; Estoppel by deed; Estoppel by record; Estoppel by representation; Estoppel in pais; Promissory estoppel; Proprietary estoppel; Res judicata. 普通法不得自駁法一項法律法則，令某人不能在日後爭辯不同的事務狀況，它阻止該人否認一項陳述的真確性，如該人曾正式作出該項陳述；該法律法則或阻止某人否認某些事實的存在，如該人曾以文字或行為引導他人相信該等事實的存在。雖然普通法中的不容反悔法曾被形容為一證據法則，且不能基此提出訴訟：Low v Bouverie [1891-94] All ER Rep 348, [1891] 3 Ch 82（英國上訴法院） ，今天它已更正確地被視為一實質法律規則：Canada and Dominion Sugar Co Ltd v Canadian National (West Indies) Steamships Ltd [1947] AC 46（樞密院）。合約各方借一合約條款以同意某些事實陳述，日後該條款可能起不容反悔而非承諾的作用：Lowe v Lombank Ltd [1960] 1 All ER 611, 1 WLR 196（英國上訴法院）。普通法確認三種形式的普通法不容反悔法：記錄不容反悔或類似記錄；記錄不容反悔；不容推翻的事實。另見 Equitable estoppel; Estoppel; Estoppel by convention; Estoppel by deed; Estoppel by record; Estoppel by representation; Estoppel in pais; Promissory estoppel; Proprietary estoppel; Res judicata。 |
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