| 单词 | Previous convictions |
| 释义 | 以前的判罪 The criminal record of a person including a list of the offences of which he or she has been found guilty or for which a sentence has been imposed. Evidence of an accused’s previous convictions is generally inadmissible in criminal proceedings (Jones v DPP [1962] AC 635, 46 Cr App Rep 129 (HL)), although where an accused introduces evidence to prove that he or she is a person of good character, the prosecution may call evidence of the accused’s previous convictions to establish he or she is not of good character (HKSAR v Chan Hing Chi [1997] 4 HKC 75, [1998] 1 HKLRD 184 (CA)). The previous conviction of an accused are admissible on sentencing to show whether the offence was uncharacteristic or is part of a continuing attitude of disobedience to the law. Where an offender has previous convictions these are relevant to sentence in the sense that he is deprived of any credit to which he might otherwise be entitled to if he had a good character at the time of sentence but the offender is not to be punished for previous misconduct: R v Kwok Chi-keung (CAAR 5/93, unreported). However, a bad record may affect the reduction of sentence that an offender may receive: R v Vy Van Kien [1991] 1 HKLR 422. In some cases, a defendant with clear record may receive a suspended sentence instead of a custodial sentence: A-G v Yeung Kwong Chi [1988] HKC 172. However, it is recognised that a defendant convicted of the charge of trafficking in a dangerous drugs receives little credit despite his previous good character: HKSAR v Hong Chang Chi [2002] 1 HKC 295. See also Character evidence; Conviction. 某人的刑事紀錄包括一張其曾被判有罪的罪行清單或對其所加諸的刑罰。關於被告以前判罪的證據，在形事法律程序一般不獲接納(Jones v DPP [1962] AC 635, 46 Cr App Rep 129 （上議院）), 雖然被告提出證據證明他為人有良好的品格，控方可傳喚被告以前判罪的證據以證明被告沒有良好的品格(HKSAR v Chan Hing Chi [1997] 4 HKC 75, [1998] 1 HKLRD 184 （上訴法庭）)。在判刑時，被告以前的判罪可獲接納以顯示罪行是不表示特徵的，還是持續抱有不遵守法律的態度的一部分。犯人以前的判罪與判刑有關，因犯人會被奪去任何如他在判刑時有良好的品格否則可享有的信用，但犯人不會因為以前的不當行為而被罰。: A-G v Kwok Chi-keung（覆核申請1993年第5號，未經彙報）。但不佳的紀錄可影響犯人可得到的減刑: R v Vy Van Kien [1991] 1 HKLR 422。在某些案件，有清白紀錄的被告可得到代替扣押刑罰的緩刑: A-G v Yeung Kwong Chi [1988] HKC 172。但公認如果被告被判販運危險毒品罪，雖有以前良好品格，但只有少許幫助: H KSAR v Hong Chang Chi [2002] 1 HKC 295。另見 Character evidence; Conviction。 |
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