| 单词 | Racial discrimination |
| 释义 | 種族歧視 Any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1966 art 1. All forms of racial discrimination are contrary to international law: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1966 art 5; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 art 2(1); International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966 art 2(2). Although there will be some cases where, for example, the normal selection of the applicant for a post or for promotion is clearly not on racial grounds, a finding of discrimination and a finding of a difference in race will often point to the possibility of racial discrimination: King v GB-China Centre [1992] ICR 516. In such circumstances the Tribunal will look to the employer for an explanation. If no explanation is then put forward or if the Tribunal considers the explanation to be inadequate or unsatisfactory it will be legitimate for the Tribunal to infer that the discrimination was on racial grounds: King v GB-China Centre, supra. This is not a matter of law, but almost common sense: North West Thames Regional Health Authority v Noone [1988] ICR 813. If racial grounds have a significant influence on the outcome discrimination is made out: Nagarajan v London Regional Transport [2000] 1 AC 501. See also Anti-discrimination legislation; Indirect discrimination; Race; Racial grounds; Racial group; Racial hatred; Racial vilification. 任何根據種族、膚色、世系、或國族或人種本源的區別、排斥、限制或偏袒，其目的或影響在於消除或減少在政治、經濟、社會、文化或任何其他大眾生活範疇的人權和基本自由的認可、享有或行使（三者同等重要）：《1966年消除一切形式種族歧視國際公約》第1條。任何形式的種族歧視均違反國際法 ：《1966年消除一切形式種族歧視國際公約》第5條；《1966年公民權利和政治權利國際公約》第2(1)條；《1966年經濟、社會和文化權利國際公約》第2(2)條。儘管有情況例如凡正常的挑選職位求職者或晉級申請人程序清楚地不是基於種族理由，但有歧視的裁決和於種族上有差異的裁決通常表示有種族歧視的可能：King v GB-China Centre [1992] ICR 516。在此等情況下，審裁處會尋求僱主的解釋。如僱主沒有提出解釋或如審裁處認為有關的解釋不足或未能令人滿意，審裁處可合法地作出有關的歧視是基於種族理由的推論：King v GB-China Centre, 見上文 [1992] ICR 516。這並非法律事項，但幾乎是常識：North West Thames Regional Health Authorityv Noone [1988] ICR 813。如種族理由對結果有重要的影響，可理解為有歧視：Nagarajan v London Regional Transport [2000] 1 AC 501。另見 Anti-discrimination legislation; Indirect discrimination; Race; Racial grounds; Racial group; Racial hatred; Racial vilification。 |
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