| 单词 | Reasonable force |
| 释义 | 合理之武力 That degree of force which is not excessive but is fair, proper, and reasonably necessary in the circumstances. At common law, a person is entitled to use reasonable force in self-defence or to protect another person where there is actual danger or a reasonable apprehension of immediate danger: British Railways Board v Herrington [1972] AC 877, 1 All ER 749 (HL). Even in the case of an unlawful arrest, the defendant must not use greater force than necessary: Beckford v R [1988] AC 130, [1987] 3 WLR 611 (PC). An occupier of premises may also use such force against a trespasser as is reasonable in the circumstances to protect property or goods in his or her possession: Stroud v Bradbury [1952] 2 All ER 76 (DC). A person who has a right to immediate possession of land may also use reasonable force to eject another from the land: McPhail v Persons Unknown [1973] Ch 447. What is reasonable in the circumstances may depend upon whether the trespasser had notice of the measures taken by the owner: Bird v Holbrook (1828) 4 Bing 628. In criminal law, a person may use such force as is reasonable in the circumstances in effecting or assisting in the lawful arrest of offenders or suspected offenders or of persons unlawfully at large: Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Cap 221) s 101A(1). What is reasonable force will depend on the circumstances: William Alan Terence Crawley v A-G [1987] HKLR 379. See also Self-defence. 在情況中所須的非過多但公平，適當及合理的武力程度。在普通法，如有實際的危險或對即將發生的危險有合理恐懼，一人可享有在自衛或保護其他人時使用合理之武力的權利：British Railways Board v Herrington [1972] AC 877, 1 All ER 749（上議院）。即使在非法拘捕的案件，被告必不可使用較所需過多的武力 : Beckford v R [1988] AC 130, [1987] 3 WLR 611（樞密院）。在保障持有的財物的情況中，樓宇的佔用人也可針對侵入者合理地使用此武力：Stroud v Bradbury [1952] 2 All ER 76（英國地方法院）。在土地有直接管有權的人也可使用合理的武力強迫他人離開土地：McPhail v Persons Unknown [1973] Ch 447。武力在個別情況中是否合理視乎侵入者是否已知道業物主會採取的措施：Bird v Holbrook (1828) 4 Bing 628。在刑法，任何人於防止罪案時或於進行或協助合法逮捕罪犯或疑犯或非法地不在羈留中的人時，可使用就當時環境而言屬於合理的武力：《刑事訴訟程序條例》（第221章）第101A(1)條。何謂合理之武力會視乎視乎個別的情況：Crawley v A-G [1987] HKLR 379。另見 Self-defence。 |
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