| 单词 | Final and conclusive |
| 释义 | 最終及不可推翻的 1.A phrase used legislatively in relation to certain administrative decisions meaning ‘without appeal’. Designation of a decision as ‘final and conclusive’ renders it final on the facts but not final on the law. Thus certiorari can still arise for excess of jurisdiction or for error on the face of the record. To exclude judicial review, the legislation must use words expressing a clear intention to take away the right of recourse to the courts, such as ‘the determination shall not be quashed or called into question’: Hockey v Yelland (1984) 56 ALR 215, 157 CLR 124. 2. A judgment conclusively settling the issues raised by the parties to the proceedings. The proceedings must involve at least two opposing parties, a definite issue for resolution, and the tribunal must be competent to hear and decide the issue without fear of the decision being varied in later proceedings in the same court between the same parties: Nouvion v Freeman (1889) 15 AC 1. If the judgment can be varied or discharged at the discretion of the court in which it was handed down, or a court of the same level, it is not final or conclusive. However, a default judgment may be final and conclusive, even though it is liable to be set aside in the very court which rendered it: Vanquelin v Bouard (1863) 15 CBNS 341. The possibility that the judgment may be reversed on appeal or the fact of a pending appeal is no bar to an action: Colt Industries Inc v Sarlie (No 2) [1966] 3 All ER 85, 1 WLR 1287 (CA). Final and conclusive judgments of a foreign jurisdiction are capable of recognition and enforcement by Hong Kong courts. See also Foreign judgment. 1. 就某些行政決定而言，在立法上可指「不得上訴」。「最終及不可推翻的」的決定指在事實上（而非在法律上）是最終的決定。因此即使判決超逾司法管轄權或紀錄表面看來有錯誤，仍可發出移審令。法例必須透過字眼清楚表達其免除依靠法院的權利的意向，例如「不得撤銷或質疑有關裁定」：Hockey v Yelland (1984) 56 ALR 215, 157 CLR 124。 2. 就法律程序的雙方提出的爭論點，不可推翻地解決的判決。該等法律程序必須涉及至少兩名對立方、確定的並有待解決的爭論點、審裁處亦必須有足夠能力在無懼相同法院會就相同各方進行的其後法律程序更改其判定的情況下，就該項爭論點進行聆訊及作出判定：Nouvion v Freeman (1889) 15 AC 1。凡獲發下判決的法院或同等級別的法院可行使酌情權以更改或解除某項判決，則該項判決並非最終及不可推翻的。即使呈交有關判決的法院須將其作廢，但某項因欠缺行動而作出的判決可屬最終及不可推翻的，：Vanquelin v Bouard (1863) 15 CBNS 341。有關判決可在上訴後被推翻、或上訴仍在待決階段，均不會禁制提出訴訟：Colt Industries Inc v Sarlie (No 2) [1966] 3 All ER 85, 1 WLR 1287 （芵國上訴法院）。如外地司法管轄區的判決屬最終及不可推翻的，則可獲香港法院承認及執行。另見 Foreign judgment。 |
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