| 单词 | Reasonable precautions |
| 释义 | 合理的預防措施 The degree of precautions, care, or safety measures a reasonable person would take to guard against any foreseeable risks of injury. A reasonable precaution may be providing signs or notices warning a plaintiff of any foreseeable risks of injury. Whether precautions are reasonable requires balancing of the likelihood of the risk eventuating (Lau Shun Hing v Ng Ching Hung [1991] 1 HKC 179 (CA)), the magnitude of the risk, the expense of avoiding the risk (Wayfoong Credit Ltd v Tsui Siu-man (t/a Wilson Plastics Manufactory (a firm)) [1984] HKLR 259 (CA)), and other relevant factors. A defendant who fails to take reasonable precautions does not meet the required standard of care and is therefore liable for breach of duty: Kong Chung Ching v Lam King Ho (Administrators of the Estates of So Ping Yim, dec’d) [1992] 1 HKC 104. The employer has to take reasonable steps to guard employees from criminal assaults or injuries in carrying out their tasks; the test is whether the employer had taken reasonable precautions in all the circumstances, paying a proper regard to the risks: Wong Wai Ming v Hospital Authority [2000] 3 HKLRD 612, [2000] 4 HKC 330. It is a defence to various offences if a person can satisfy the court that he took all reasonable precautions to avoid committing the offence: for example, Banking Ordinance (Cap 155) s 126; Trade Descriptions Ordinance (Cap 362). As to civil liability, if the best precautions in known practical use for securing safety has been used, the carriers of passengers are not liable for accidents due to latent defects in their vehicles which such precautions would not discover: Lai Por v Tsang Chiu Hon [1983] 2 HKC 359. See also Due diligence. 合理之人會針對防範任何可預見的損害危險所採取的預防措施，小心或安全措施的程度。合理的預防措施可以是向原告發出訊息或通告以警告任何可可預見的損害危險。預防措施是否合理須要平衡不同因素，包括引發危險的可能性(Lau Shun Hing v Ng Ching Hung [1991] 1 HKC 179（上訴法庭）)，危險的程度，避免發生危險的費用 (Wayfoong Credit Ltd v Tsui Siu-man (t/a Wilson Plastics Manufactory (a firm)) [1984] HKLR 259（上訴法庭）)及其他有關的因素。如被告未能採取合理的預防措施，則不符合規定的小心標準，因而有違反責任的法律責任：Kong Chung Ching v Lam King Ho (Administrators of the Estates of So Ping Yim， dec’d) [1992] 1 HKC 104。僱主須採取合理的步驟確保僱員在履行其工作時免受刑事襲擊及傷害；有關的測試是僱主在任何情況有否採取合理的預防措施，有否適當地注意有關的危險：Wong Wai Ming v Hospital Authority [2000] 3 HKLRD 612，[2000] 4 HKC 330。如一人可使法庭信納他已採取所有合理的預防措施避免犯罪，則合理的預防措施對不同的罪行是抗辯：例如《銀行業條例》(第155章)第126條；《商品說明條例》 (第362章)。就民事法律責任而言，如為確保安全已使用實際已知的最好的合理預防措施，乘客的承運人並沒有意外的法律責任，因此類預防措施不會發現在車輛上的潛在缺陷：Lai Por v Tsang Chiu Hon [1983] 2 HKC 359。另見 Due diligence。 |
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