| 单词 | Reciprocity |
| 释义 | 相互關係／互惠／相互的權利與義務 A principle of international law by which states grant each other equivalent treatment. The establishment of diplomatic and trade relations between states is based on reciprocity. The expectation of reciprocity is a powerful motivating force for international action leading to the creation of treaties and customary international law. States accept some subtraction from their full sovereignty in return for similar concessions from others: Compania Naviera Vascongada v SS Cristina [1938] AC 485. For example, the acceptance of the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice by states may be based on the reciprocity of certain other states: Statute of the International Court of Justice 1945 art 36 para 3. See also Customary international law; International Court of Justice; Sovereignty. 國家批予對方相互平等待遇的國際法原則。國家之間的外交及貿易關係的定立乃基於互惠的原則上。預期的互惠關係乃導致驅動訂定條約及國際慣例法的國際行為的重大力量。國家接受減低一些絕對主權以換取同樣的讓步：Compania Naviera Vascingado v SS Cristina [1938] AC 485。例如接受國際法院的司法管轄權可能是基於某些其他國家的互惠行為：1945年《國際法院法規》第36條第3段。另見 Customary international law; International Court of Justice; Sovereignty。n. |
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