| 单词 | Trespass to the person |
| 释义 | 對人的侵犯 A form of trespass where a plaintiff’s rights in relation to his or her body have been infringed by the direct interference of another, in the absence of lawful justification. A wrong committed against the personal security or personal liberty of one man by another. The act complained of must be either intentional or negligent: Fowler v Lanning [1959] 1 QB 426, 1 All ER 290. The onus of proof lies on the plaintiff, who must plead either that the act was intentional or that the defendant was negligent, stating the facts alleged to constitute the negligence: Letang v Cooper [1964] 2 All ER 929, [1965] 1 QB 232 (CA). The act must be done against the will of the person who sues for the wrong: Christopherson v Bare (1848) 11 QB 473. However, where by his own conduct, the plaintiff could fairly be regarded as partly responsible for the damage he suffered, then damages could be mitigated: Murphy v Culhane [1977] 1 QB 94; Ng Ching Ying v Lee Siu Yeung Danny & Anor [2002] 1 HKC 154. There are three varieties of trespass to the person, namely assault, battery and wrongful or false imprisonment. Trespass to the person is actionable without proof of actual damage. Thus in all cases of trespass nominal damages at least are recoverable, and substantial damages are recoverable for discomfort and inconvenience, or injury to dignity, even where no physical injury is proved: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 25, Tort [340.222]. See also Assault; Battery; False imprisonment; Trespass. 在這類侵權下，他人在沒有合法的理由下直接干擾原告人，因而原告人有關其身體的權利受到侵犯。指由他人針對某人的個人安全或個人自由而犯的過失。被申訴的行為必須是蓄意的或疏忽的：Fowler v Lanning [1959] 1 QB 426, 1 All ER 290。原告人有舉證的責任，他／她必須提出有關的行為是蓄意的或有關的被告人是疏忽的，並述明所指稱的事實構成疏忽：Letang v Cooper [1964] 2 All ER 929, [1965] 1 QB 232 (英國上訴法院)。有關的行為必須在有違針對有關錯過失而起訴的人的意願下作出：Christopherson v Bare (1848) 11 QB 473。但如認為原告人須公平地因為他／她本身的行為而為蒙受的部分損害負責，則損害賠償可被減少： Murphy v Culhane [1977] 1 QB 94; Ng Ching Ying v Lee Siu Yeung Danny & Anor [2002] 1 HKC 154。有三種對人的侵犯，即襲擊、毆打或非法禁錮。對人的侵犯可在沒有實際損害的證明下訴諸法律行動。因此在所有侵犯案件中，至少可追討名義上的損害賠償，而可觀損害賠償可在不舒適及不方便、或損害尊嚴的案件中追討，即使如沒有身體傷害證明亦然：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, 第22冊，侵權，第[340.222]段。另見 Assault; Battery; False imprisonment; Trespass。 |
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