| 单词 | Evidential burden |
| 释义 | 舉證責任 The obligation of a party to adduce sufficient evidence to raise an issue, so that in a trial on indictment the judge is obliged to leave the issue to the jury: Bratty v A-G for the Northern Ireland [1961] 3 All ER 523, [1963] AC 386 (HL). It is the burden of establishing the facts and contentious which will support a party’s case whereas the evidential burden rests initially upon the party bearing the legal burden: R v Galbraith [1981] 2 All ER 1060, 73 Cr App Rep 124 (CA). However, the weight of evidence given by either side during the trial varies, so will the evidential burden shift to the party who would fail without further evidence: Jayasena v R [1970] AC 618, 1 All ER 219 (PC). Therefore, in criminal cases, the prosecution bears the evidential burden in relation to all facts in issue which relate to the guilt of the accused whilst the accused bears the evidential burden in respect of the defences of provocation (Mancini v DPP [1941] 3 All ER 272, [1942] AC 1, 28 Cr App Rep 65 (HL)), duress (R v Gill [1963] 2 All ER 688, 47 Cr App Rep 166 (CCA)), self-defence (Chan Kau v R [1946-1972] HKC 63, [1955] AC 206, 1 All ER 266 (PC)), non-insane automatism (Bratty v A-G for Northern Ireland, supra), accident (Bratty v A-G for Northern Ireland, supra), drunkenness (R v Foote [1964] Crim LR 405 (CCA)), and alibi (R v Johnson [1961] 3 All ER 969, 46 Cr App Rep 55 (CCA)). In civil cases, the plaintiff generally bears the evidential burden in relation to all facts in issue which relate to establishing the cause of action. However, in some instances, an evidential burden has been placed on the defendant in personal injury cases. The legal and the evidential burden are collectively known as the onus or burden of proof. Also known as ‘evidentiary burden’. See also Beyond reasonable doubt; Burden of proof; Legal burden; Standard of proof. 一方援引充分的證據以帶出一個爭論點，公訴程序審訊法官因而有責任把爭論點交由陪審團作決定：Bratty v A-G for the Northern Ireland [1963] AC 386, [1961] 3 All ER 523（上議院）。指證明事實及證明會支持一方案情的具爭訟性事項的責任，而負有法律舉證責任的一方在開始時負有舉證責任。但在審訊期間，任何一方所提供的證據的分量會有差異，而舉證責任亦會轉移至在沒進一步舉證的情況下便會敗訴的那一方身上：Jayasena v R [1970] AC 618, 1 All ER 219（樞密院）。因此，在刑事案件中，就所有有關被告罪行的受爭議的事實而言，控方負有舉證責任，而被告則就下列抗辯負有舉證責任：激怒 (Mancini v DPP [1941] 3 All ER 272, [1942] AC 1, 28 Cr App Rep 65（上議院）)；威迫(R v Gill [1963] 2 All ER 688, 47 Cr App Rep 166 （刑事上訴法院）)；自衛(Chan Kau v R [1946-1972] HKC 63, [1955] AC 206, 1 All ER 266 （樞密院）)；非精神錯亂下的無意識行為(Bratty v A-G for Northern Ireland,見上文)；意外(Bratty v A-G for Northern Ireland, 見上文)；醉酒(R v Foote [1964]Crim LR 405 （刑事上訴法院）)，以及不在犯罪現場(R v Johnson [1961] 3 All ER 969, 46 Cr App Rep 55 （刑事上訴法院）)。在民事案件中，就所有有關證明訴訟因由的受爭議的事實而言，原告人一般負有舉證責任。但在若干情況下，被告人須在人身傷害案件負有舉證責任。法律及舉證責任合稱舉證責任。芵語另稱「evidentiary burden」。另見 Beyond reasonable doubt; Burden of proof; Legal burden; Standard of proof。 |
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