| 释义 |
沒收 The immediate loss of all interest in property as well as loss of the right to possession.
Criminal law - The surrender of a right or privilege as a penalty. Property may be forfeited in consequence of the commission of a criminal offence under statutory provisions because the property was in connection with the commission of a crime (for example, Dutiable Commodities Ordinance (Cap 109) s 48; Import and Export Ordinance (Cap 60) s 27; Copyright Ordinance (Cap 528) s 131; Control of Obscene and Indecent Articles Ordinance (Cap 390) s 39), or because it was derived from a crime (for example, Drug Trafficking (Recovery of Proceeds) Ordinance (Cap 405) s 24D). If a person admitted to bail fails, without reasonable cause, to surrender to custody as shall have been appointed by a court, a court may order the forfeiture of the whole or part of any recognizance of bail taken from a surety or any sum of money deposited with the court as security: Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Cap 221) s 9M. See also Forfeiture order.
Equity - The loss or determination of an estate or interest in property or a proprietary right on specified events, such as non-payment of rent, non-performance or non-observance by the tenant of the covenants of the lease, the tenant’s bankruptcy, or the levy of execution on his goods: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 17, Landlord and Tenant [235.416]. Examples are the loss of an interest in a lease or contract for sale of land and loss of the rights as the hirer of goods as against the owner. See also Relief against forfeiture.
Succession - The loss or deprivation of an interest in property of a deceased estate as a consequence of the person entitled under a will or the rules of intestacy being criminally responsible for the death of the testator or intestate. The forfeiture rule means the rule of law relating to public policy which in certain circumstances precludes a person who has unlawfully killed another from acquiring a benefit in consequence of the killing: Law Amendment and Reform (Consolidation) Ordinance (Cap 23) s 25A. The court however has the statutory authority to make an order modifying the effect of the forfeiture rule, save in the case of a person who stands convicted of murder: s 25D. See also Lapse of gift.
直接喪失所有財產的權益及管有權。
刑法 - 作為懲罰交回權利或特權。根據法定條文，可因觸犯刑事罪行而導致財產被沒收，因為有關的財產與所犯罪行有關 （例如《應課稅品條例》 （第109章）第48條；《進出口條例》（第60章）第21條；《版權條例》（第528章）第131條；《淫褻及不雅物品管制條例》（第390章）第39條），或因為有關財產是得自某罪行的 (例如《販毒（追討得益）條例》（第405章）第24D條)。如任何獲准保釋的人無合理因由而沒有按照法庭的指定歸押，則不論該人是否已被定罪，法庭亦可命令將作用為確保該人會歸押的任何由擔保人作出的保釋擔保，或存放於法院的款項，全部或部分沒收：《刑事訴訟程序條例》（第221章）第9M條。另見 Forfeiture order。
衡平法 - 在某項指明事件發生時（例如欠繳租金、租客不履行或不遵守租契的契諾、租客破產或對租客貨品的實施執行），喪失或終止某項產業權、財產權益或所有權權利：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong，第17冊，業主與租客，第[235.416]段。例如喪失租契或售賣土地合約中的權益，以及喪失貨品租用人相對於所有人而享有的權利。另見 Relief against forfeiture。
繼承 - 由於在遺囑或無遺囑繼承規則下有權繼承遺產的人須為立遺囑人或無遺囑者的死亡負有刑事責任，因而令其失去或被剝奪其在死者遺產中的財產權益。「喪失權利規則」指與公共政策有關的法律規則，而該法律規則在某些情況下阻止任何曾非法殺死另一人的人由於該殺人行為而取得利益：《法律修訂及改革（綜合）條例》（第23章）第25A條。但法院有法定權力作出命令，修改喪失權利規則所致令的影響，但該等命令不得影響該規則對就謀殺罪被定罪的人的案件的適用：第25D條。另見 Lapse of gift。n. |