| 单词 | Frustration |
| 释义 | 受挫失效 The situation where a contractual obligation has, without the default of either party, become incapable of being performed. This is a common law doctrine which applies to parties to a contract who will be discharged from their liabilities under the contract. With regard to the footing of the doctrine, it is often put as that the foundation of the contract that the parties assumed comes to disappear or further performance of the contract becomes impossible. Frustration arises where an event or a series of events subsequently, without the default of any parties to the contract, intervenes or happens after the contract has formed and no provision in the contract has been made for the event or events and the supervening event or events change the circumstances making it impossible for the contract to be performed in its original form: Jan Albert (HK) Ltd v Shu Kong Garment Factory Ltd [1988] HKLY 120, [1990] 1 HKLR 317 (CA). Frustration does not apply to an executed lease; however, under the normal circumstances the doctrine is capable to make an agreement to assign a lease unable to be performed specifically: Kwok Yu Chuen & Wong Chok Chiu v Shim Tat Thong Co Ltd [1949] HKLR 39. See also Discharge; Failure of consideration; Frustrating event; Self-induced frustration; Supervening illegality; Unjust enrichment. 在任何合約一方沒有失責的情況下，不再可能履行有關的合約義務。此等普通法原則適用於合約各方，各方在合約下的責任會因而被解除。鑒於此等原則觸及合約的根本部份，因而通常會視雙方承擔的合約基礎部分會消失或不可能再進一步履行有關的合約。凡在任何合約一方沒有失責的情況下，在有關合約訂立之後有某事件或某系列事件干預或發生，而該合約是沒有訂明有關事件的條款的，此外，該隨後發生的事件使情況改變，致令合約不能以其原來的形式獲履行，則產生受挫失效」：Jan Albert (HK) Ltd v Shu Kong Garment Factory Ltd [1988] HKLY 120，[1990] 1 HKLR 317 （上訴法庭）。受挫失效不適用於已簽立的租契；但在正常情況下，此原則可令轉讓租契的協議不可被強制履行：Kwok Yu Chuen & Wong Chok Chiu v Shim Tat Thong Co Ltd [1949] HKLR 39。另見 Discharge; Failure of consideration; Frustrating event; Self-induced frustration; Supervening illegality; Unjust enrichment。n. |
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