| 单词 | Monarch |
| 释义 | 君主 A king, queen, emperor, or other person who rules with absolute power, or with constitutional power exercised only in his or her name. The monarch is the head of state and may acquire regal power by hereditary succession, or by election. A monarch represents the sovereignty of the state, and becomes sovereign himself or herself. Originally the monarch exercised the supreme executive, legislative and judicial power of the state in person, and the Crown and the person of the monarch were synonymous legal entities. Upon the enactment of the Bill of Rights 1688, legal and constitutional distinctions have emerged between (1) the personal and political capacities of the monarch; and (2) the King or Queen regnant as an individual person and the monarchy as a public institution providing the person who is the constitutional Head of State: Halsbury’s Laws of England, Vol 12(1) (Reissue, 1998) para 3. See also Constitutional monarchy; Monarchy; Sovereign 這是指國王、皇后、君主或其他人士以其名義行使絕對管治權或憲法上的權力。君主是一個國家的元首，從世襲制的繼承方法或選舉中獲得王權；他亦代表了國家的主權，成為最高統治者。君主本身原來有在國家上行使最高的行政、立法及司法上的權力，其王冠及本人是等同於法律實體的。就制定《1688年人權法案》而言，在以下的情況中，法律及憲法出現了不同之處：(1)君主在個人及政治上的職分不同，及(2)國王或皇后是對個人的稱號；而君主制則是一個社會制度，賦予個人為國家的憲法元首：Halsbury’s Laws of England, 第12(1)冊（1998年再發行）第3段。另見 Constitutional monarchy; Monarchy; Sovereign。n. |
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