| 单词 | Betterment |
| 释义 | 不動產增值 Unearned or excess increase in value. The concept of betterment affects a variety of legal spheres. Building and construction - The adjustment to the price that should normally be made where rectification work is carried out or proposed to produce a building which is other than that contemplated by the contract. Where as a result of rectification, the proprietor receives a building which is less satisfactory than that which ought to have been provided under the contract, the damages awarded should include a sum further to the cost of rectification in compensation for this. Where, on the other hand, the rectified building is more valuable than that contracted for or damaged, the contractor is not entitled to have the cost of rectification reduced to allow for the betterment to the proprietor unless the betterment is the result of the voluntary choice of the proprietor, the result of a failure to mitigate the loss, or out of all proportion to the loss caused by the breach of contract, or the value of the building lies in its being a merchantable commodity, or the rectification work also involved rectification of defective design for which the contractor is not responsible: British Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co Ltd v Underground Electric Railways Co of London Ltd [1912] AC 673 (HL); Lee Chang Yung Chemical Industry Corp v Pt Dover Chemical Co [1990] 1 HKC 132 (CA); Harbutt's Plasticine Ltd v Wayne Tank and Pump Co Ltd [1970] 1 All ER 225, 1 QB 447 (CA). See also Defective work; Rectification. Environment - An increase in the value of land resulting from a change in zoning or town planning controls, or a scheme that has been carried out by a statutory authority. In Hong Kong, it was not clear whether compensation for public reclamation under the Public Reclamation and Works Ordinance (Cap 113) (repealed) can be offset by betterment if after the reclamation there be improvements in the area: Re Public Reclamations and Works Compensation Tribunal, ex p Tsang Shiu Tim & Ors [1946-1972] HKC 368 (HC); Hong Kong Special Committee on Compensation and Betterment Report of the Special Committee on Compensation and Betterment (Hong Kong: Government Printer 1992). See also Environmental planning. Tort - The extent to which a plaintiff’s new or repaired property, obtained after damage to the old property, is superior in efficiency or lifespan to the old property before the damage occurred. The question whether there should be an allowance for betterment in the calculation of a plaintiff’s damages appears to be dependent on the facts of the case. The destruction of a building is different from the destruction of a chattel: Harbutt’s Plasticine Ltd v Wayne Tank and Pump Co Ltd [1970] 1 All ER 225, 1 QB 447 (CA). See also Property damage; Restituto in integrum. 價值的自然或額外的增加。不動產增值的概念影響不同的法律範疇。 建築物及建築 - 如在建築物進行的或建議提供的修補工程與合約預期的不同，則通常在價格上應作出的調整。如建築物在修補工程後，有關的擁有人收回的建築物較在合約下預期應提供的為差，則獲授予的損害賠償應包括超逾修補工程費用的款項以作補償。另一方面，如建築物經修補工程後較合約所訂明的或原先破損的更具價值，則有關的承建商不可要求減少修補工程費用，以准予對擁有人的增值；以下任何一情況屬例外：(a) 有關的增值是擁有人自願選擇的結果；(b) 未能減少遺約損失的結果；(c) 與遺約所導致的損失不合比例；(d)建築物的價值取決於有關的建築物是否屬於適銷的商品；或(e)該修補工程也牽涉修正承建商不須負責的欠妥善的設計。British Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co Ltd v Underground Electric Railways Co of London Ltd [1912] AC 673 （上議院）; Lee Chang Yung Chemical Industry Corp v Pt Dover Chemical Co [1990] 1 HKC 132 （上訴法庭）; Harbutt's Plasticine Ltd v Wayne Tank and Pump Co Ltd [1970] 1 All ER 225, 1 QB 447 （英國上訴法院）。另見 Defective work; Rectification。 環境 - 因城市規劃管制或用地劃分改變，或法定機關執行的計劃而帶來的土地增值。在香港，如填海後為有關的地區帶來改善，則不確定是否可以不動產的增值抵消公共填海工程的補償：Re Public Reclamations and Works Compensation Tribunal, ex p Tsang Shiu Tim & Ors [1946-1972] HKC 368（高等法院）；補償及增值特別委員會的香港補償及增值特別委員會報告書 （香港政府印務局 1992年）。另見 Environmental planning。 侵權法 - 原告在舊財產損毀後獲得的新的或經修補的財產，較發生損毀前的舊財產而言，有較良好的狀況及較長的使用期。在計算原告的損害賠償時，是否應包括不動產增值的扣減項目，看來要視乎有關案件的事實。毀壞建築物與毀壞實產不同﹕Harbutt’s ‘Plasticine’ Ltd v Wayne Tank and Pump Co Ltd [1970] 1 QB 447（英國上訴法院）。另見 Property damage; Restituto in integrum。n. |
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