| 单词 | Cargo |
| 释义 | 貨物 1.Goods and merchandise transported by sea, air or land. Historically, the term referred only to goods carried on a ship: Lewis v Marshall (1844) 7 Man & G 729, 135 ER 293. Unless the context otherwise signifies, ‘cargo’ means the entire load of the ship: Pan American World Airways Incorporated v The Queen [1959] HKLR 366. In a policy of insurance, ‘cargo’ does not necessarily mean the whole loading: Houghton v Gilbart (1836) 7 Car & P 701, 173 ER 307. Goods continue to be cargo while being loaded, moved or stored after loading: National Dock Labour Board v John Bland & Co Ltd [1971] 2 All ER 779, 2 WLR 1491 (HL). 2. The word ‘cargo’ has been defined in a number of statutes. Cargo means any freight carried, or intended to be carried, in or on any vessel or vehicle and means also ships’ stores: Port Control (Cargo Working Areas) Ordinance (Cap 81) s 2. It also means any goods, container, pallet, material and solid ballast, vessels’ stores, provisions and equipment, mail and passengers’ baggage, carried, or intended to be carried, in or on a vessel: Shipping and Port Control Ordinance (Cap 313) s 2; Merchant Shipping (Local Vessels) Ordinance (Cap 548) s 2. Cargo also means any goods, wares, merchandise and articles of any kind carried in a container: Freight Containers (Safety) Ordinance (Cap 506) s 2. 3. All cargo which is imported or exported shall be recorded in a manifest furnished to the Customs and Excise Service in respect of the cargo being imported or exported in or on the vessel, aircraft or vehicle: Import and Export Ordinance (Cap 60) ss 15-17. Import and export of unmanifested cargo is a strict liability offence: s 18; R v Lui Tak Hoi [1993] 2 HKCLR 289; R v Lei Sou Wa [1996] 3 HKC 494, HKLY 288 (CA). For this purpose, cargo means any article which is imported or exported other than (a) the necessary equipment, stores or fuel of the vessel, aircraft or vehicle in or on which the article is imported or exported; (b) food and other provisions reasonably required for consumption by the crew or passengers of such vessel, aircraft or vehicle; (c) items of personal property reasonably required for the personal use of the crew or passengers of such vessel, aircraft or vehicle; (d) any document relating to (i) the carriage of cargo in or on such vessel, aircraft or vehicle; or (ii) the inter-office business transactions of the owner of such vessel, aircraft or vehicle; (e) articles imported or exported by a passenger of such vessel, aircraft or vehicle, in his personal baggage or carried by him; and (f) any article in transit unless such article is a prohibited article: s 2. It has been said that any personal property of the crew or passenger of any vessel, aircraft or vehicle, so long as it was not for disposal but retained for personal use whether to the exclusion of others or to be shared with others is not ‘cargo’: HKSAR v Chan Ming Kuen [1999] 2 HKLRD H5. See also Cargo book; Cargo papers; Cargo ship; Ship. 1.以海路、飛機或陸路運送貨品及商品。以往，該用語僅指以船隻運送的貨品：Lewis v Marshall (1844) 7 Man & G 729, 135 ER 293。除文意另有示明外，「貨物」指船隻上的全部負載物：Pan American World Airways Incorporated v The Queen [1959] HKLR 366。於保險單上，「貨物」不一定指全部負載物：Houghton v Gilbart (1836) 7 Car & P 701, 173 ER 307。當貨品在裝上、運送或卸下貯存的過程中，仍繼續是「貨物」：National Dock Labour Board v John Bland & Co Ltd [1971] 2 All ER 779, 2 WLR 1491（上議院）。 2. 「貨物」一用語曾於多個法規中界定。貨物指用任何船隻或車輛運載或擬用任何船隻或車輛運載的任何貨品，亦指船舶物料：《港口管制（貨物裝卸區）條例》（第81章）第2條。亦指載於或擬載於船隻內或船隻上的任何貨品、貨櫃、貨盤、物料及固體壓載物、船舶物料、糧食及裝備、郵件及乘客行李：《船舶及港口管制條例》（第313章）第2條；《商船(本地船隻)條例》（第548章）第2條。「貨物」亦指貨櫃所載任何類別的貨品、貨物、商品和物品：《運貨貨櫃（安全）條例》（第506章）第2條。 3. 所有輸入或輸出的貨物必須記錄一份向海關提供而關於該船隻、飛機或車輛所輸入或輸出的貨物的艙單：《進出口條例》（第60章）第15至17條。輸入或輸出未列艙單貨物，即屬犯有嚴格法律責任罪行：第18條；R v Lui Tak Hoi [1993] 2 HKCLR 289; R v Lei Sou Wa [1996] 3 HKC 494, HKLY 288（上訴法院）。就此，貨物指任何進口或出口的物品，但不包括(a) 輸入或輸出該物品的船隻、飛機或車輛所必需的裝備、物料或燃料；(b) 該等船隻、飛機或車輛的工作人員或乘客所合理需要耗用的食物及其他供應品；(c) 該等船隻、飛機或車輛的工作人員或乘客為自用而合理需要的私人物品；(d) 任何下述文件：(i) 與該等船隻、飛機或車輛的運載貨物有關的文件；或(ii) 與該等船隻、飛機或車輛的擁有人的辦事處來往業務有關的文件；(e) 藉該等船隻、飛機或車輛的乘客放於其私人行李或藉其攜帶而輸入或輸出的物品；及(f) 任何過境物品，除非該物品是禁運物品：第2條。有指稱，任何船隻、飛機或車輛上的船員或乘客的任何個人財產，只要不作為處置，而保留作個人之用，不論是在摒除其他人的情況下，或與他人分享，則不屬「貨物」：HKSAR v Chan Ming Kuen [1999] 2 HKLRD H5。另見 Cargo book; Cargo papers; Cargo ship; Ship。n. |
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